Metabolic Demethylation and Oxidation of Caffeine during Uptake by Lettuce

Abstract

Pharmaceuticals can be metabolized after being taken up by plants. The metabolites could manifest similar or equivalent bioactivity to the parent compound, promoting the critical need to understand the metabolism in plants. Caffeine has been frequently detected in agriculture produce; however, little attention is given to its metabolites in vegetables. This study examined uptake and metabolism of caffeine in lettuce in a hydroponic system. Caffeine and its metabolites in aqueous solution and lettuce were identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography coupled to a QTrap tandem mass spectrometry instrument. After 144 h, over 50% of applied caffeine dissipated in the hydroponic lettuce system, and eight caffeine metabolites were identified primarily in the shoots. Caffeine underwent demethylation reactions, which were confirmed with authentic standards, and the total amount accounted for 20% of the initially applied caffeine. Other metabolism pathways included oxidation and hydroxylation, and the amount of metabolites increased over uptake time.

Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products: From Wastewater Treatment into Agro-Food Systems

“…Once in plants, many PPCPs are metabolized primarily via phase I metabolism, phase II conjugation, and phase III compartmentation . Research to date on plant metabolism of PPCPs has only focused on a small number of compounds, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, − lipid-lowering drugs, antibiotics, − antibacterials, − psychoactive drugs, , and antiepileptic drugs. ,,, Transformation products, in-plant processes, and metabolic reactions of PPCPs are largely unknown. While some biotransformation reactions are shared across species for the same PPCPs, others are likely also planted species-specific. ,, For example, diclofenac was transformed mainly to 4’OH-diclofenac and diclofenac-glucose conjugate in barley, but to diclofenac-glutamate conjugate in Arabidopsis cells and whole plant …”

“…Once in plants, many PPCPs are metabolized primarily via phase I metabolism, phase II conjugation, and phase III compartmentation. 77 Research to date on plant metabolism of PPCPs has only focused on a small number of compounds, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 78−82 lipid-lowering drugs, 83 antibiotics, 84−86 antibacterials, 87−89 psychoactive drugs, 90,91 and antiepileptic drugs. 30,31,33,92 Transformation products, in-plant processes, and metabolic reactions of PPCPs are largely unknown.…”

Advancing Soil Physics for Securing Food, Water, Soil and Ecosystem Services

“…Because knowledge of their environmental occurrence and impact is still insufficient, these emerging contaminants pose great scientific and regulatory challenges for mitigating their risks to agricultural production as well as human and ecosystem health (Richardson and Ternes, 2014; Sauvé and Desrosiers, 2014). Therefore, it is important to understand environmental processes and impacts of emerging contaminants and their transfer in the food chain (Bhalsod et al, 2018; Chuang et al, 2018; Li et al, 2018b) for scientifically informed risk assessment and management.…”

Efeitos da suplementação de cafeína na performance do endurance: uma revisão do esporte / Effects of caffeine supplementation on endurance performance: a sport review

“…A cafeína é uma substância que está presente no grupo de compostos lipossolúveis denominados metilxantinas e sua composição química é 1,3,7-trimetilxantina um importante estimulante do SNC que pode ser encontradas em diversos tipos de infusões como o café, chá, bebida energéticas, como também pode ser administrado com cacau (FRANÇA et al, 2015;CHUANG et al, 2018). A cafeína possui está função de estimulante do SNC devido a possuir baixa ligação com proteínas plasmáticas e também pela alta solubilidade lipídica, e por isso consegue facilmente chegar a todos os tecidos, principalmente o nervoso (ANNUNCIATO et al, 2009).…”