Metabolic Damage: do Negative Metabolic Adaptations During Underfeeding Persist After Refeeding in Non-Obese Populations?

Zinchenko, Anastasia

doi:10.18103/mra.v4i8.908

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From a biological standpoint, it makes sense that the body reacts in order to reduce the energy gap induced by ‘voluntary starvation’, becoming more efficient in response to food restriction. However, it is not fully understood whether adaptive thermogenesis is a permanent consequence of weight loss or is reversed after a period of weight stability at a newly reduced body weight ( 35 , 73 ) .…”

Section: Metabolic Adaptations In Response To Negative Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptations during negative energy balance and their potential impact on appetite and food intake

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1This review examines the metabolic adaptations that occur in response to negative energy balance 2 and their potential putative or functional impact on appetite and food intake. Sustained negative 3 energy balance will result in weight loss, with body composition changes similar for different 4 dietary interventions if total energy and protein intake are equated. During periods of underfeeding, 5 compensatory metabolic and behavioural responses occur that attenuate the prescribed energy 6 deficit. While losses of metabolically active tissue during energy deficit results in reduced energy 7 expenditure, an additional down-regulation in expenditure has been noted that cannot be explained 8 by changes in body tissue (e.g. adaptive thermogenesis). Sustained negative energy balance is also 9 associated with an increase in oregixgenic drive and changes in appetite-related peptides during 10 weight loss that may act as cues for increased hunger and food intake. It has also been suggested 11 that losses of fat-free mass could also act as an orexigenic signal during weight loss, but more data 12 is needed to support these findings and the signalling pathways linking fat-free mass and energy 13 intake remains unclear. Taken together, these metabolic and behavioural compensatory responses to 14 weight loss point to a highly complex and dynamic energy balance system in which perturbations to 15 individual components can cause co-ordinated and inter-related compensatory responses. The 16 strength of these compensatory responses is individually subtle, and early identification of this 17 inter-individual variability may help identify individuals that respond well or poorly to an 18 intervention. 19 388 AUTHORSHIP 389 All authors contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript. 390 391 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 392The authors would like to acknowledge Professor John Blundell and Professor R. James Stubbs for 393 their theoretical input when writing this manuscript. 394 395 FINANCIAL SUPPORT 396This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit 397 sectors. 398 399 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 400None. 401

show abstract

Section: Metabolic Adaptations In Response To Negative Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptations during negative energy balance and their potential impact on appetite and food intake

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Often, observed decreases in RMR go beyond the reduction that would be predicted based on the loss of body mass alone ( Camps et al, 2013 ; Johannsen et al, 2012 ; Rosenbaum et al, 2008 ). These reductions have even been reported to persist for years after the period of energy restriction has ended, even when body mass is partially restored ( Fothergill et al, 2016 ), although full restoration of the prior body composition generally fully reverses any such negative metabolic adaptations ( Zinchenko and Henselmans, 2016 ). Fat-free mass is the largest contributor to RMR ( Stubbs et al, 2018 ), and reductions in FFM as a result of energy restriction may partially explain the prolonged metabolic effects of weight loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Intermittent Diet Breaks during 25% Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Resistance-Trained Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Siedler¹,

Lewis²,

Trexler³

et al. 2023

Journal of Human Kinetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on body composition, resting metabolic rate, and eating behaviors in resistance-trained females. Thirty-eight resistance-trained females (mean ± standard deviation age: 22.3±4.2 years) were randomized to receive either six weeks of a continuous 25% reduction in energy intake (n= 18), or one week of energy balance after every two weeks of 25% energy restriction (eight weeks total; n= 20). Participants were instructed to ingest 1.8 g protein/kilogram bodyweight per day and completed three weekly supervised resistance training sessions throughout the intervention. There were no differences between groups for changes over time in body composition, resting metabolic rate, or seven of the eight measured eating behavior variables (p > 0.05). However, a significant group-by-time interaction for disinhibition (p < 0.01) from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was observed, with values (± standard error) in the continuous group increasing from 4.91 ± 0.73 to 6.17 ± 0.71, while values in the intermittent group decreased from 6.80 ± 0.68 to 6.05 ± 0.68. Thus, diet breaks do not appear to induce improvements in body composition or metabolic rate in comparison with continuous energy restriction over six weeks of dieting, but may be employed for those who desire a short-term break from an energy-restricted diet without fear of fat regain. While diet breaks may reduce the impact of prolonged energy restriction on measures of disinhibition, they also require a longer time period that may be less appealing for some individuals.

show abstract

Metabolic Damage: do Negative Metabolic Adaptations During Underfeeding Persist After Refeeding in Non-Obese Populations?

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Metabolic adaptations during negative energy balance and their potential impact on appetite and food intake

Metabolic adaptations during negative energy balance and their potential impact on appetite and food intake

The Effects of Intermittent Diet Breaks during 25% Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Resistance-Trained Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About