Metabolic constraints to mammalian energy budgets

Weiner, January

doi:10.4098/at.arch.89-1

Cited by 78 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…SusMR is presumed to be limited by an animal's morphology. A big gut, and associated organs (such as the liver) that can process energy faster, makes more energy available to support SusMR but also requires a greater amount of maintenance (BMR) (Drent and Daan, 1980;Hammond and Diamond, 1992;Hammond and Diamond, 1997;Peterson et al, 1990;Weiner, 1989;Weiner, 1992). Therefore, an individual with a higher BMR will have greater capacity for SusMR and, if available energy is unlimited, they may be able to sustain greater reproductive output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in C57BL/6J mice

Johnston¹,

Souter²,

Erwin³

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is highly variable, both between and within species. One hypothesis is that this variation may be linked to the capacity for sustained rate of energy expenditure, leading to associations between high BMR and performance during energy-demanding periods of life history, such as reproduction. However, despite the attractive nature of this hypothesis,previous studies have failed to show an association between BMR and fecundity. Our approach was to mate 304 C57BL/6J mice and allow them to wean pups before measuring BMR by indirect calorimetry. We did not find an association between BMR and litter mass, size or pup mass at birth or weaning that could not be accounted for by the body mass of the dam. There was also no relationship between BMR (or BMR corrected for body mass) and birth or weaning success,losses during weaning, or sex ratio. However, a significant relationship was found between BMR and gestational weight loss indicative of foetal resorption. This suggests that during pregnancy the available energy may be limited and partitioned away from the growing foetus and towards maintenance of the mother. In this context, a high BMR may actually be disadvantageous,conflicting with the idea that high BMR may bring reproductive benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in C57BL/6J mice

Johnston¹,

Souter²,

Erwin³

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Four different ideas have emerged to explain why intake and expenditure might be limited (reviewed in Speakman and Król, 2005a;Piersma and van Gils, 2010;Speakman and Król, 2011). The 'central limitation hypothesis' (Weiner, 1989;Weiner, 1992;Peterson et al, 1990;Sadowska et al, 2013) suggests that limits are imposed by the uptake capacity of the alimentary tract. The 'peripheral limitation hypothesis' (Hammond et al, 1996) posits the limit resides in the capacities of the tissues where the energy is expended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to sustained energy intake. XXII. Reproductive performance of two selected mouse lines with different thermal conductance

Jothery

Król

Hawkins

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Maximal sustained energy intake (SusEI) appears limited, but the factors imposing the limit are disputed. We studied reproductive performance in two lines of mice selected for high and low food intake (MH and ML, respectively), and known to have large differences in thermal conductance (29% higher in the MH line at 21°C). When these mice raised their natural litters, their metabolisable energy intake significantly increased over the first 13 days of lactation and then reached a plateau. At peak lactation, MH mice assimilated on average 45.3% more energy than ML mice (222.9±7.1 and 153.4±12.5 kJ day −1 , N=49 and 24, respectively). Moreover, MH mice exported on average 62.3 kJ day −1 more energy as milk than ML mice (118.9±5.3 and 56.6±5.4 kJ day, N=subset of 32 and 21, respectively). The elevated milk production of MH mice enabled them to wean litters (65.2±2.1 g) that were on average 50.2% heavier than litters produced by ML mothers (43.4±3.0 g), and pups that were on average 27.2% heavier (9.9±0.2 and 7.8±0.2 g, respectively). Lactating mice in both lines had significantly longer and heavier guts compared with non-reproductive mice. However, inconsistent with the 'central limit hypothesis', the ML mice had significantly longer and heavier intestines than MH mice. An experiment where the mice raised litters of the opposing line demonstrated that lactation performance was not limited by the growth capacity of offspring. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the SusEI at peak lactation is constrained by the capacity of the mothers to dissipate body heat.

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“…Bioenergetic modeling, based upon basal metabolic rates (BMR) (Kleiber 1961) and the energetic costs associated with activity (Ackerman et al 1986, Gorman et al 1998, has thus been employed to estimate the energetic demands of many carnivores and subsequently the kill rates needed to meet these energetic requirements (e.g., wolves, Canis lupus, in Glowacinski and Profus 1997). BMRs have traditionally been scaled from M 0.75 in vertebrates, where M is mass in kilograms (Kleiber 1961, Hudson et al 2013, and activity patterns and their associated energetic budgets have been derived from bioenergetic studies of both captive and free-ranging animals (Weiner 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference between killing and eating: ecological shortcomings of puma energetic models

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Bioenergetic modeling is employed to estimate the energetic demands of many cryptic carnivores and their kill rates needed to meet their energetic requirements. We tested two prevalent assumptions driving energetic modeling of predator kill rates: (1) morphological and physiological information (weight, energetic demands of activity patterns) of individual predators are sufficient to accurately predict their kill rates, and (2) kill and consumption rates are equivalent (meaning that carnivores consume all of what they kill). We did this by testing whether two independent energetic models accurately predicted puma (Puma concolor) kill and consumption rates in three study systems in North and South America with variable ecology, including climate and prey assemblages. Our results demonstrated that current puma energetic models drastically underestimate actual puma kill rates quantified through intensive field monitoring. We concluded that puma energetic models more realistically estimate puma consumption rates needed to meet metabolic requirements. Puma kill rates determined from field efforts were not explained by puma weight (in kg) or activity patterns (in distance traveled), which were the variables used in energetic models. Our kill rates in kg/day determined from field investigations of GPS clusters were the highest reported to date and statistically equivalent across three distinct ecosystems, a range of puma characteristics, variable lengths of monitoring, variable daily distances traveled, and across systems with 1-3 ungulate prey. In contrast, puma kill rates in ungulates/ week differed across study areas, suggesting that kill rates described in kilograms per day are better suited for comparing puma kill rates across systems while kill rates in terms of ungulates per unit time are better suited for modeling predator-prey dynamics for a particular ecosystem. Based on these results we concluded that energetic models using morphological and physiological variables alone were insufficient to predict kill rates, and proposed that rather than focusing future research on refining current energetic models, future research should be directed at understanding the behavioral ecology driving carnivore kill rates.

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Metabolic constraints to mammalian energy budgets

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Associations between basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in C57BL/6J mice

Associations between basal metabolic rate and reproductive performance in C57BL/6J mice

Limits to sustained energy intake. XXII. Reproductive performance of two selected mouse lines with different thermal conductance

The difference between killing and eating: ecological shortcomings of puma energetic models

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