Altered metabolism in cancer was first discovered by Otto Warburg early last century. Although the Warburg Effect has been widely used in tumor detection, relatively little progress had been made in mechanistic understanding of cancer metabolism in the subsequent eight decades. Genetic studies have recently identified mutations in human cancer targeting multiple enzymes involved in intermediate metabolism. One emerging mechanism common to these mutant enzymes is the accumulation of a metabolite that alters the epigenetic control. Otto Warburg [1,2] first discovered that cancer cells displayed enhanced glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon often referred as the Warburg Effect nowadays. Although the mechanism underlying the Warburg Effect is still not fully understood, increased uptake of glucose provides the basis to exploit its clinical application by 18 F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) for tumor detection [3,4]. Decades after the Warburg Effect was discovered, the mechanistic insights of how metabolic alterations contribute to tumorigenesis are just emerging. Recent studies have revealed that eight metabolic genes, FH, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, IDH1 and IDH2, encoding for subunits of four different metabolic enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), were mutated in a number of human cancers [5]. These findings provide compelling genetic evidence supporting the notion that altered metabolism contributes to, as opposed to the consequence of, tumorigenesis. Here, we first briefly discuss how metabolism is reprogrammed to support cancer cell proliferation. We then focus on one emerging mechanism that is common to the mutations targeting all four metabolic enzymes in accumulating a metabolite to alter the epigenetic modifications in human cancer.