Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance 
in dairy cows

Jorritsma, R.; Wensing, Theo; Kruip, T.A.M.; Vos, P.L.A.M.; Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M.

doi:10.1051/vetres:2002054

Cited by 198 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Jonker et al (1998) found a decrease of MUN with advancing DIM from around the second month onward, leading to a curve for MUN similar to that for milk yield. Jorritsma et al (2003) hypothesized that MUN might be increased under a negative energy balance, suggesting a peak in MUN during early lactation like Jonker et al (1998). Broderick and Clayton (1997) also found a positive relationship between MUN and DIM, but the data analyzed by Spicer et al (2000) indicated that MUN increased during the first 3 weeks of lactation, then remained steady for the remainder of the lactation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationship between milk urea nitrogen and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

Hossein-Zadeh

Ardalan

2011

Animal

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The objective of this study was to describe the genetic and phenotypic relationship between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and reproductive traits in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Test-day MUN data obtained from 57 301 dairy cows on 20 large dairy herds in Iran between January 2005 and June 2009. Genetic parameters for MUN and reproductive traits were estimated with a five-trait model using ASREML program. Random regression test-day models were used to estimate heritabilities separately for MUN from first, second and third lactations. Regression curves were modeled using Legendre polynomials of order 3. Herd-year-season along with age at calving was included as fixed effects in all models for reproductive traits. Heritabilities for MUN and reproductive traits were estimated separately for first lactation, second lactation and third lactation. The estimated heritabilities for MUN varied from 0.18 to 0.22. The heritability estimate was low for reproductive traits, which ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 for different traits and across parities. Except for days open, phenotypic and genetic correlations of MUN with reproductive performance traits were close to zero. Genetic correlations between MUN and days open were 0.23, 0.35 and 0.45 in first, second and third lactation, respectively. However, the phenotypic correlation between MUN at different parities was moderate (0.28 to 0.35), but the genetic correlation between MUN at different parities was high and ranged from 0.84 to 0.97. This study shows a limited application of MUN for use in selection programs to improve reproductive performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic relationship between milk urea nitrogen and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

Hossein-Zadeh

Ardalan

2011

Animal

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“…Several reviews have been published concerning the effect of EB status in dairy cattle on reproductive efficiency [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. A status of NEB decreases LH pulse frequency, growth rate and diameter of the dominant follicle, weight of the corpus luteum (CL), peri-estrous hormone concentrations like estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) [11,24,25,[36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Negative Energy Balance and Related Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

et al. 2005

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-The pathway for oxidation of energy involves a balanced oxidation of C2 and C3 compounds. During early lactation in dairy cattle this C2/C3 ratio is out of balance, due to a high availability of lipogenic (C2) products and a low availability of glycogenic (C3) products relative of the C2 and C3 products required for milk production. This review compares studies which manipulated dietary energy source and shows that dietary energy source can affect the balance of the C2/C3 ratio, as indicated by plasma NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose levels. It is shown that glycogenic nutrients increase glucose and insulin concentrations and decrease NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. Extra lipogenic nutrients elevate NEFA and BHBA and decrease plasma glucose concentrations. Lipogenic nutrients generally increase milk fat percentage and decrease milk protein percentage, suggesting a surplus of C2 compounds. The inverse is the case for feeding extra glycogenic nutrients, implying reduced deamination and oxidation of glycogenic amino acids. Feeding extra glycogenic nutrients improved the energy balance (EB), in contrast to ambiguous results of lipogenic nutrients on EB. Moreover, glycogenic feed may reduce the severity of ketosis and fatty liver, but increased the incidence of (sub)clinical acidosis. Since studies are scarce, it seems difficult to draw conclusions on the effects of dietary energy source on reproduction. However, lipogenic nutrients decrease glucose and increase NEFA and BHBA plasma levels. High plasma NEFA and BHBA and low plasma glucose levels are associated with decreased reproductive performance, which might imply the C2/C3 compound balance to be important for reproductive function.lipogenic nutrients / glycogenic nutrients / reproduction / energy metabolism

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“…It has been shown that the complex system of adaptation to changes in energy balance can differ considerably between cows (Jorritsma et al, 2003), and that this variation in the cow's ability to successfully adapt to periods of NEB may have a genetic basis (Ingvartsen et al, 2003). In addition, previous studies (Morris et al, 1987;Espasandin et al, 2010) evaluating reciprocal crossbreeding between Angus (A) and Hereford (H) cattle in rangelands conditions have estimated a crossbred (CR, F1) superiority (heterosis) for cow-calf system productivity between 15% and 30% over the purebred (PU) mean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of herbage allowance of native grasslands in purebred and crossbred beef cows: metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles through the gestation–lactation cycle

Laporta

Astessiano

López-Mazz

et al. 2014

animal

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Our objective was to evaluate the metabolic, endocrine and hepatic mRNA profiles through the gestation-lactation cycle in purebred (PU: Angus and Hereford) and crossbred (CR: reciprocal F1 crosses) mutliparous beef cows (n = 32), grazing on two herbage allowances of native pastures (2.5 v. 4 kg dry matter/kg BW; LO v. HI) and their associations with cow's productive performance (calf birth weight, milk production and commencement of luteal activity). Cow BW, body condition score (BCS) and blood samples were collected monthly, starting at − 165 days relative to calving (days), and every 2 weeks after calving until +60 days of lactation. Liver biopsies were collected at − 165, − 75, − 45, − 15 ± 10, and +15 and +60 ± 3 days. Metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles, and calf birth weight, milk yield and postpartum commencement of luteal activity were evaluated. Overall, the most pronounced changes in metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression occurred during winter gestation (−165 to − 45 days), when all cows experienced the onset of a negative energy balance (decreased BCS, glucose and insulin, and increased non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, P < 0.008). Concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were greater (P < 0.037) in HI than in LO cows. However, serum IGF-I concentrations and hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) and IGF1 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) during the winter gestation period only in HI cows. Although IGF-I concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) during the early postpartum (−15 v. + 15 days) for all cows, the typical molecular mechanism that control the uncoupling of the growth hormone-IGF1 axis during the transition period of the dairy cattle (reduced hepatic GHR1A and IGF-I mRNA) was not observed in this study. The hepatic mRNA expression of key transcripts involved in gluconeogenesis and fatty-acid oxidation were upregulated (P < 0.05) during winter gestation (from − 165 to − 45, − 15 or +15 days, depending on the cow groups). Particularly, acyl-CoA oxidase-1 mRNA was greater for CR than for PU cows during winter gestation (−75 and − 45 days), and fibroblast growth factor-21 mRNA was downregulated (P < 0.01) only for HI cows during the transition (−15 v. 15 days) and lactation period (+15 to +60 days, P < 0.01). These results, together with the greater BCS, estimated energy intake, increased milk yield and shorter commencement of luteal activity in HI than in LO, and in CR than in PU cows (P < 0.018), would indicate that HI and CR cows were able to adapt more efficiently to changes in nutrient and energy supply through the gestation-lactation cycle.

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Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance in dairy cows

Cited by 198 publications

References 98 publications

Genetic relationship between milk urea nitrogen and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

Genetic relationship between milk urea nitrogen and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle

Effects of herbage allowance of native grasslands in purebred and crossbred beef cows: metabolic, endocrine and hepatic gene expression profiles through the gestation–lactation cycle

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