Metabolic Changes in After-Ripening Seed of <i>Prunus cerasus</i>

LaCroix, L. J.; Jaswal, A. S.

doi:10.1104/pp.42.4.479

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…It is not clear how chilling brings about the loss in embryo dormancy, but it may involve mobilization of food reserves such as carbohydrates (La Croix and Jaswal 1967) and lipids (Ross 1984). Our results indicate that the minimum period for stratification is 6 wk when some seed exhibited a physiological response to the treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of temperature, light and other treatments on seed germination of Leymus chinensis

Zhang¹,

Bi²,

Ning³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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[143][144][145][146][147][148]. Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., a perennial cool-season grass distributed widely in eastern Asia, is an ideal species for the rangeland industry and soil conservation, but the seed has a long dormant period and low germination rates. This study examined the effects of temperature, light and various treatments including stratification, H 2 SO 4 , NaOCl, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and 6-benzyl adenine (BA), on the germination of Leymus chinensis seed. Seed stored over 1 yr and germinated at a temperature regime of 25/15°C with a 12/12-h photoperiod germinated best, and had a germination rate of 30.3%, with a minimum germination time of 12 d. In these germination conditions, germinated seeds were counted after 15 d to determine the effects of other treatments upon freshly harvested seed germination. The final germination rate for freshly harvested seeds stratified at 4°C for 0 to 10 wk ranged from 8.5 to 37.3%. Germination rates were 14.0 and 14.8% when seeds were treated with 70% H 2 SO 4 for 3 and 6 min, respectively. Seed treated with 5.0% NaOCl germinated 17.5 and 16.0% when treated for 10 and 20 min, respectively. When seeds were soaked in 1000 mgL -1 GA 3 solution for 24 h, 42.3% germinated, while treatment with 50 mgL -1 of BA resulted in 50.3% germination. The results indicate that various dormancy mechanisms may exist in the species. These findings will be helpful to farmers and breeders in selecting suitable treatments to improve seed germination and establishment. Tzvel. est une graminée vivace de saison fraîche très répandue dans l'est de l'Asie. L'espèce est idéale pour l'aménagement de grands parcours et la conservation du sol, mais ses graines traversent une longue période de dormance et germent mal. L'étude devait préciser les effets de la température, de l'éclairage et de divers conditionnements comme la stratification et l'usage de H 2 SO 4 , de NAOCl, d'acide gibberelique (GA 3 ) et de 6-benzyle adénine (BA) sur la germination des semences. Les graines entreposées un an et mises à germer à un régime thermique de 25/15°C sur une photopériode de 12/12 h sont celles qui germent le mieux, avec un taux de germination de 30,3 % et au moins 12 jours pour la levée. Les auteurs ont dénombré les semences germées à la suite de ce traitement au bout de 15 jours en vue de mieux comparer les effets des autres conditionnements sur la germination des graines fraîchement récoltées. Le taux de germination final des semences fraîchement récoltées stratifiées à 4°C pendant 0 à 10 semaines varie de 8,5 à 37,3 %. Quand les semences trempent 3 ou 6 minutes dans une solution de H 2 SO 4 à 70 %, le taux de germination s'établit respectivement à 14,0 et à 14,8 %. Celles conditionnées avec une solution de NaOCl à 5,0 % pendant 10 ou 20 minutes donnent un taux de germination de 17,5 et 16,0 %, respectivement. Quand on les trempe 24 heures dans une solution de 1 000 mg de GA 3 par litre, les semences germent dans une proportion de 42,3 % contre 50,3 % quand on les conditionne avec une solution...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of temperature, light and other treatments on seed germination of Leymus chinensis

Zhang¹,

Bi²,

Ning³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…This hypothesis implies that the significance of the increased rate of oxygen uptake which occurs during the after-ripening of some seeds may be associated with the activity of new oxidative pathways rather than simply the increased activity of a particular pathway. LaCroix and Jaswal (9) reported that germination of cherry seeds appeared to be correlated with an increase in the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway in the embryonic axes. Additional support for the hypothesis was provided by the demonstration that qualitative changes in oxidative metabolism occurred in the period of constant oxygen consumption during after-ripening of wild oat caryopses (16 A decrease in the activity of ATP-generating systems by a high energy charge alone would result in the restricted production of biosynthetic intermediates at a time when the energy supply was plentiful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Energy Charge as a Requirement for Axis Elongation in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin during Stratification of Acer saccharum Seeds

Simmonds¹,

Dumbroff²

1974

Plant Physiol.

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The growth potential of embryonic axes of Acer saccharum Marsh. increased during moist storage at 5 C but not at 20 C. During the period of increasing growth potential, the oxygen consumption of the axes remained constant. It was possible to distinguish three phases of the stratification-germination process at 5 C with respect to response of the axis to gibberellic acid and kinetin. From 0 to 10 days the growth regulators had no effect on elongation; from 10 to 60 days axis elongation was stimulated; and between day 60 and day 75, when germination had begun, the growth substances were inhibitory. The adenylate energy charge remained low (0.15) in axes of dry dormant seeds but increased to 0.78 following imbibition of water and 10 days of moist storage at 5 C. This phenomenon was not specifically related to low temperature stratification, since a rapid increase in the energy charge of the axes also occurred following imbibition and moist storage at 20 C. The excised axes would elongate in response to the growth substances only when a high energy charge (approximately 0.8) was maintained.as half the average number of anhydride-bound phosphate groups per adenosine moiety) for the termination of dormancy is provided from several sources. Olney and Pollock (10) reported that during stratification of cherry seeds an increased rate of respiration occurred in the embryonic leaf primordia, and this was accompanied by the accumulation of phosphate within the axis in the form of sugar phosphates, high energy nucleotides, and nucleic acids. They concluded that a block in phosphate metabolism appeared to be associated with the dormant state. Pradet et al. (13) noted that the energy charge of germinating lettuce seeds was reduced under anaerobic conditions, and Simmonds and Simpson (17) found that dry storage of wild oat caryopses in an atmosphere of nitrogen resulted in a decreased rate of germination of the excised embryos in response to gibberellic acid while storage in oxygen resulted in an increased response of the embryos to gibberellic acid. Although Ching and Ching (6) recently observed a steep rise in the energy charge of embryos during stratification of ponderosa pine seeds, a causal relationship between the low temperature treatment and a high energy charge has not been established.The objectives of the present work were to observe the response of the embryonic axis of A. saccharum to applied hormones during the various stages of stratification and to determine the effect of both low and high temperature stratification on the amounts of available energy in the adenylate system of the axis during these phases.Seeds of Acer saccharum Marsh. have morphologically mature but dormant embryos which require a period of stratification under cold, moist conditions before germination will occur (20). Previous work with this genus (7,21) has shown that the stratification-germination period of intact seeds may be divided into three phases: (a) the initial phase, evidenced by a rapid rise in respiratory activity and at l...

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“…Direct evidence of an increase in activity of the OPP pathway associated with loss of donnancy has only been reported in two other species besides barley, i.e. Prunus cerasus (~a Croix and Jarwal, 1967) and Avenafatua (Simmonds and Simpson, 1971). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The possible role of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in seed dormancy in winter wheat cultivars

Pretorius

2005

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Seed dormancy is an important characteristic in small grain cultivars, because of its potential to prevent preharvest sprouting and the subsequent loss of quality. In this study the oxidative pentose pathway (OPP) activity in seeds of a preharvest sprouting susceptible winter wheat cultivar, Tugela-DN and that of a preharvest sprouting resistant cultivar, Betta-DN, were compared. Carbon flux through the OPP pathway was determined both indirectly (total in vitro activity of the first regulatory enzyme, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and directly ( 14 C0 2 evolution from metabolized D-[1 J4C]_ and D-[6-14 C]_glucose, including C6/C1 ratios). G6PDH activity increased twofold in both the harvest ripe (HR) and after ripened (AR) seeds of the susceptible cultivar during the germination phase (first 24 h of incubation) and threefold during the post germinative phase up to 72 h of incubation. The latter coincided with a high germination percentage. However, the G6PDH activity remained constant in both the HR and AR seeds of the resistant cultivar during the first 24 h of incubation and increased only slightly in the HR seeds over the remaining incubation time. Moreover, a C6/C1 ratio of below unity in seeds of Tugela-DN during the germination phase, confirmed that the OPP pathway was far more active in this preharvest sprouting susceptible cultivar than in the resistant cultivar, Betta-DN, where the C6/C1 ratio remained above unity during the germination phase.

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Metabolic Changes in After-Ripening Seed of Prunus cerasus

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of temperature, light and other treatments on seed germination of Leymus chinensis

Effects of temperature, light and other treatments on seed germination of Leymus chinensis

High Energy Charge as a Requirement for Axis Elongation in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin during Stratification of Acer saccharum Seeds

The possible role of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in seed dormancy in winter wheat cultivars

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