Metabolic capacity, fibre type area and capillarization of rat plantaris muscle. Effects of age, overload and training and relationship with fatigue resistance

Degens, Hans; Veerkamp, J.H.; Moerkerk, H.T.B. van; Turek, Z.; Hoofd, Louis; Binkhorst, R. A.

doi:10.1016/0020-711x(93)90592-3

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Thus even though the fatigue test was preceded by contractions intended to activate the metabolic machinery and to ensure adequate perfusion before the start of the fatigue test, the elevated fatigue resistance was not explicable by changes in MyHC composition, capillarization, or oxidative capacity. Possible explanations for the improved fatigue resistance are an increased buffering capacity because of the increased muscle mass, or, as we suggested previously, alterations in the excitation-contraction coupling [31,32]. Furthermore, the elevated VEGF expression might contribute to fatigue resistance by its vasodilatation effect [34] and thereby improve the blood supply to the muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Therefore, we preceded the fatigue test by a series of mild contractions that induced only little, if any, fatigue while assuring near maximal perfusion and activation of aerobic metabolism [19]. As it was found after prolonged overload [3,32], fatigue resistance was already elevated after 2 weeks of overload, during both the mild contractions and the strenuous protocol. Yet the MyHC composition, CS mRNA levels, and indices of overall capillary supply were unaltered, which corresponds with the observation that CS [33] and SDH activity [28] were unaltered or even reduced from 1 to 3 weeks of overload.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Capillarization, and Function of the Rat Plantaris Muscle at the Onset of Hypertrophy.

Degens

Moore²,

Alway³

2003

JJP

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Skeletal muscle has a great ability to respond to altered functional demands. This response includes, among other adaptations, changes in muscle size, fiber-type composition, and capillary supply, resulting in altered contractile properties and fatigue resistance [1]. The response to the increased functional demand imposed on a muscle by the elimination of agonist muscles involves compensatory hypertrophy. This hypertrophy is accompanied by an increase in the number of type I fibers and capillary proliferation [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Concomitantly, the force generating capacity and fatigue resistance of the hypertrophied muscle increases [3,8].The absence of significant hypertrophy during at least the first week after the functional elimination of synergists [4,9] suggests that the muscle needs time to recover from the early damage [10] before the onset of real growth. Furthermore, the presence of transi- Japanese Journal of Physiology, 53, 181-191, 2003 Key words: capillary, fatigue, specific tension, myosin heavy chain, muscle.Abstract: Capillary proliferation occurs during compensatory hypertrophy. We investigated whether the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated at the onset of hypertrophy when capillary proliferation is minimal, and whether muscle damage as assessed by muscle force deficits, may occur at the onset of hypertrophy. To investigate this, we induced in 9-month-old rats, under isoflurane anesthesia, hypertrophy of the left plantaris muscle by denervation of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Capillarization was investigated in both the deep (oxidative) and the superficial (glycolytic) regions of the plantaris muscle. After 2 weeks, muscle mass had increased by 16% (pϽ0.01), which was not accompanied by increases in fiber size. The maximal tetanic force (P 0 ) and specific ten-) and twitch characteristics were unaltered, and fatigue resistance of the overloaded muscle was improved (pϽ0.05). However, the myosin heavy chain composition was unaltered. Capillary proliferation was not yet evident, but VEGF mRNA and protein levels were elevated 1.5-and 8-fold, respectively (pϽ0.05). We concluded that the normal specific tension and the elevated VEGF expression after 2 weeks of overload indicate (1) an absence of or minimal muscle damage at this early time point, and (2) that elevated VEGF expression precedes and is involved in capillary proliferation that occurs during the later stages of compensatory hypertrophy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Capillarization, and Function of the Rat Plantaris Muscle at the Onset of Hypertrophy.

Degens

Moore²,

Alway³

2003

JJP

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“…Global parameters, as the number of capillaries per muscle cross section (CD) or the number of capillaries/number of muscle fibres (C/F), can assess robust changes that occur homogeneously through the muscle tissue. Local parameters, such as CAF or the local C/F ratio, calculated as a sum of fractions of the capillary domains that actually overlap the muscle fibre [Degens et al, 1993;Al-Shammari et al, 2014], can better detect more subtle local changes in capillaries. Local parameters that also estimate the size of the capillary to fibre exchange area, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Capillarity of the Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle 4 Weeks after Nerve Injury Studied by 2D Measurement Methods

Čebašek¹,

Ribarič

2016

Cells Tissues Organs

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We have previously shown by 3D study that 2 weeks after nerve injury there was no change in the length of capillaries per muscle fibre length in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL). The primary goal of the present 2D study was to determine the capillarity of rat EDL 4 weeks after various modes of nerve injury. Additionally, we wished to calculate the same capillary/fibre parameters that were used in our 3D stereological study. EDL muscles derived from denervated (4 weeks after nerve injury), re-innervated (4 weeks after two successive nerve crushes) and age-matched controls from the beginning (CON-1) and the end (CON-2) of the experiment were analysed in two ways. Global indices of capillarity, such as capillary density (CD) and capillary/fibre (C/F) ratio, were determined by automatic analysis, local indices as the number (CAF) and the length of capillaries around individual muscle fibres (Lcap) in relation to muscle fibre size were estimated manually by tracing the muscle fibre outlines and the transversally and longitudinally cut segments of capillaries seen in 5-µm-thin muscle cross sections. Four weeks after both types of nerve injury, CD increased in comparison to the CON-2 group (p < 0.001) due to atrophied muscle fibres in denervated muscles and probably proliferation of capillaries in re-innervated ones. Higher C/F, CAF (both p < 0.001) and Lcap (p < 0.01) in re-innervated than denervated EDL confirmed this assumption. Calculated capillary/fibre parameters were comparable to our previous 3D study, which strengthens the practical value to the adapted 2D method used in this study.

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“…Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with blood vessel recruitment, such that capillary density is either maintained or increased during muscle growth (1)(2)(3)(4). A number of studies have shown that the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt1 plays a key role in regulation of cellular hypertrophy and organ size (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Follistatin-like 1, a Secreted Muscle Protein, Promotes Endothelial Cell Function and Revascularization in Ischemic Tissue through a Nitric-oxide Synthase-dependent Mechanism

Ouchi

Oshima²,

Ohashi

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

272

249

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Metabolic capacity, fibre type area and capillarization of rat plantaris muscle. Effects of age, overload and training and relationship with fatigue resistance

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Capillarization, and Function of the Rat Plantaris Muscle at the Onset of Hypertrophy.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Capillarization, and Function of the Rat Plantaris Muscle at the Onset of Hypertrophy.

Changes in the Capillarity of the Rat Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle 4 Weeks after Nerve Injury Studied by 2D Measurement Methods

Follistatin-like 1, a Secreted Muscle Protein, Promotes Endothelial Cell Function and Revascularization in Ischemic Tissue through a Nitric-oxide Synthase-dependent Mechanism

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