Metabolic and hormonal responses to neuroleptanalgesia (etorphine and acepromazine) in the horse

Abstract

Summary Administration of etorphine and acepromazine to horses was associated with an increase in haematocrit, blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The rise in plasma NEFA was most striking following injection of the antagonist diprenorphine and could contribute to the production of cardiac arrhythmias. Plasma insulin was depressed at the end of surgery. These changes, plus profuse sweating, are indirect evidence of strong sympathetic stimulation. Plasma cortisol did not alter significantly due to wide individual variation. Venous blood pH fell, reflecting the rise in lactate and venous carbon dioxide tension.

Reduced resident time and pharmacodynamic effects of acepromazine after subclinical multiple dosage in exercised thoroughbreds

“…In this study, we proposed to study the elimination of five daily doses of 5‐mg ACP (multiple dosage) in exercise‐conditioned/exercised horses and compared with the single dosage regimes. Furthermore, while doses of ACP in precompetitive horses were at subclinical levels (< 0.05 mg/kg), previous studies on the pharmacodynamic effects of ACP (Parry & Anderson, 1983; Robertson, 1987; Freestone et al ., 1991; Kim et al ., 1994) were mostly by doses above their clinically effective levels (0.15–0.3 mg/kg). In order to assess the effects of ACP at subclinical levels and to determine whether exercise would affect ACP‐induced pharmacodynamic responses, the pharmacodynamic effects of a single 25‐mg ACP dose or 5‐mg ACP for 5 days to horses that have been subjected to standardized exercise were studied.…”

Some metabolic and hormonal changes associated with general anaesthesia and surgery in the horse

“…After a pause of 2 mins to allow full sedation to develop, ketamine hydrochloride (Vetalar; Parke Davis) (2.2 mg/kg bwt) was injected by the same route. After intubation, anaesthesia was maintained in all groups with halothane vaporised in oxygen, using a Fluotec Mark 111 vaporiser, and nitrous oxide (5050) delivered via a large animal circle system with soda lime absorp- Details of collection, preparation and analysis have been described previously (Robertson 1987). Differences within groups were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance.…”

Nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of growing male buffalo calves fed varying level of dietary cation anion difference

“…The reduction in blood HCO 3 and urine pH works as a compensatory mechanism (Block, 1994;Sanchez et al, 1997). Alteration in blood pH affects insuline secretion and its effectiveness (Schade et al, 1981;Robertson, 1987) and growth hormone (Challa et al, 1993). Alteration in DCAD also affects the dry matter intake (DMI) and growth in calves (Fettman et al, 1984;Jackson et al, 1992;Jackson and Hemken, 1994).…”