Metabolic and behavior responses of lactating goats under heat stress

Salama, A. A. K.; Hamzaoui, S.; Albanell, Elena; Such, X.; Caja, G.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106496

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, after 24 hours, the body parts temperature and breath rate were lowered, indicating a partial adaptation to the heat stress conditions (Figure 1). A similar finding was also reported by previous studies on goats suffered maximum heat stress during the first [24] to third days [25,26] of heat exposure.…”

Section: Thermo-physiological and Hematological Responsessupporting

confidence: 91%

Heat tolerance of goats to increased daily maximum temperature and low salinity of drinking water in tropical humid regions

Ali,

Sandi,

Warly

et al. 2024

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The daily maximum temperature and seawater level continuously increase as global warming continues. We examined the adaptability and production performance of heat-stressed goats with a supply of low-saline drinking water.Methods: Twelve Kacang and Kacang Etawah cross goats were exposed to two climatic conditions (control, 25°C to 33°C, 83% relative humidity [RH], temperature humidity index [THI]: 76 to 86; and hot environment, 26°C to 39°C, 81% RH, THI: 77 to 94) and two salt levels in drinking water (0% and 0.4% NaCl). The experimental design was a Latin Square (4×4) with four treatments and four periods (28 days each).Results: Temperature of the rectal, skin, and udder, and respiration rate rose, reached a maximum level on the first day of heat exposures, and then recovered. Plasma sodium rose at 0.4% NaCl level, while the hot environment and salinity treatments increased the drinking water to dry matter (DM) intake ratio. Water excretion was elevated in the hot environment but lowered by the increase in salinity. Total lying time increased, whereas change position frequency decreased in the hot condition. Lying and ruminating and total ruminating time increased and explained the enhanced DM digestibility in the hot conditions.Conclusion: The goats exhibited a high level of plasma sodium as salinity increased, and they demonstrated physiological and behavioral alterations while maintaining their production performances under increasing daily maximum temperatures.

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Section: Thermo-physiological and Hematological Responsessupporting

confidence: 91%

Heat tolerance of goats to increased daily maximum temperature and low salinity of drinking water in tropical humid regions

Ali,

Sandi,

Warly

et al. 2024

Anim Biosci

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“…Similar to goats, sheep increase respiration rate, rectal temperature, alter the protein and energy metabolism, of mineral balance, enzymatic reactions, and hormonal secretions after the stimulation of temperature receptors located in the hypothalamus ( 63 ). Moreover, even if HS goats experienced negative energy balance, the level of circulating non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are similar to goats in TN ( 62 , 64 , 65 ), which has been found also in dairy ewes ( 66 ), and cows ( 67 ). The absence of reduction in NEFA might be related to the essential role of insulin for the activation of the cellular stress response ( 68 ) mediated by the production of heat shock proteins aimed at protecting other proteins from heat-induced denaturalization ( 11 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…All of previous characteristics enable these species to be more resilient ( 61 ) than bovine species, particularly high-producing dairy cows, which are the species with higher susceptibility to HS. It has been demonstrated that during HS exposition Murciano-Granadina goats show a reduction of feed intakes, normal blood glucose levels, and an absence of body fat mobilization due to a less sensitivity of adipose tissue to lipolytic signals ( 62 ). Similar to goats, sheep increase respiration rate, rectal temperature, alter the protein and energy metabolism, of mineral balance, enzymatic reactions, and hormonal secretions after the stimulation of temperature receptors located in the hypothalamus ( 63 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of management strategies on animal welfare and productivity under heat stress: A synthesis

et al. 2023

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Climate change includes different dramatic events, and among them, heat stress exposition is the strongest phenomenon affecting the livestock sector. The effects of heat stress events on animal welfare are complex and the economic impacts for the livestock sector are relevant. Management measures may contribute to improve the resilience to heat stress, but the extent to which they impact on livestock performances and management strategies depend on the magnitude of the stress conditions. Through a pioneering synthesis of existing knowledge from experiments conducted in controlled conditions, we show that management strategies, both adaptation and mitigation measures, halved the negative impacts on the ruminants' performances and welfare induced by heat stress, but the efficacy is low in extreme conditions, which in turn are more and more frequent. These novel findings emphasize the need to deepen research on more effective adaptation and mitigation measures.

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“…In this experiment and that of Huang et al [53], heat decreased the insulin AUC during the IVGTT (0-240 min). In small ruminants (sheep and goats), homeorhetic adaptations that suppress lipid mobilization and increase protein catabolism in response to heat stress [54,55] have been reported. Specifically, a greater peak glucose and glucose clearance rate, a lower glucose half-life, and no change in plasma insulin were observed in response to an IVGTT in heat-stressed lactating ewes [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the ITT, insulin (ActRapid Human Insulin 100 IU/mL; Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia) was infused intravenously via the jugular catheter at a dose of 0.125 U/kg liveweight, followed by 10 mL sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained at −30, −15, −1, 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115,120,150,180,210,240,270, and 300 min relative to the infusion. The ACTH was given at a dose of 2 µg/kg liveweight (mixed to 1 mL with sterile saline, Synacthen, Novartis, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia) as chosen based on previous work [32,33] and injected intramuscularly into the rump of the animal with a 20 g needle.…”

Section: Metabolic Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Betaine Impacts Metabolic Responses to Moderate Heat Exposure in Sheep

DiGiacomo

Simpson

Leury

et al. 2023

Animals

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Dietary betaine supplementation can ameliorate physiological responses to heat exposure (HE) in sheep. This experiment measured metabolic responses to glucose (intravenous glucose tolerance, IVGTT), insulin (insulin tolerance test, ITT), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenges in Merino ewes (n = 36, 39.7 kg) maintained at thermoneutral (TN, 21 °C) or HE (18–43 °C) and supplemented with either 0, 2, or 4 g/day dietary betaine (n = 6 per group). Sheep had ad libitum access to water and were pair-fed such that the intake of the TN sheep mimicked that of the HE sheep. After 21 days of treatment, sheep were fitted with jugular catheters and subjected to consecutive daily challenges (IVGTT, ITT, and ACTH, d 21–23, respectively), followed by skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy collections for gene expression analysis (d 24). The HE-treated sheep had a greater insulin:glucose ratio (p = 0.033), a greater estimated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR; p = 0.029), and a reduced revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI; p = 0.015). Sheep fed betaine (2 + 4 g/day) had a greater basal plasma insulin (p = 0.017) and a reduced basal non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA; p = 0.036) concentration, while the RQUICKI was reduced (p = 0.001) in sheep fed betaine. The results suggested that betaine supplementation alters lipid metabolism by potentially improving insulin signaling, although these responses differ between TN and HE conditions. There was no other impact of temperature or dietary treatments on the tissue gene expressions measured. Our results support the notion that betaine, in part, acts to modify lipid metabolism.

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Metabolic and behavior responses of lactating goats under heat stress

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Heat tolerance of goats to increased daily maximum temperature and low salinity of drinking water in tropical humid regions

Heat tolerance of goats to increased daily maximum temperature and low salinity of drinking water in tropical humid regions

Effects of management strategies on animal welfare and productivity under heat stress: A synthesis

Dietary Betaine Impacts Metabolic Responses to Moderate Heat Exposure in Sheep

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