Metabolic adaptation after combined resistance and aerobic exercise training in older women

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated whether combined aerobic and resistance training in older women leads to metabolic adaptation.Methods: A total of 80 women (64 White individuals; BMI: 30.0 [4.4] kg/m 2 ; age: 64.8 [3.5] years) followed 32 weeks of aerobic and resistance training. Body weight/ composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and resting metabolic rate (RMR; indirect calorimetry) were measured at baseline, week 16, and week 32. Metabolic adaptation was defined as significantly lower measured versus predicted RMR. A regression model to predict metabolic adaptation was developed that included race, age, baseline fat-free mass, RMR and respiratory quotient, and changes in net submaximal oxygen consumption after different tasks.Results: There was significant metabolic adaptation at week 16 (À59 [136] kcal/d, p = 0.002), following a 640-kcal/wk energy loss (À0.7 [2.6] kg of weight loss). In 53 women with complete data, metabolic adaptation was seen both at week 16 (À64 [129] kcal/d, p = 0.001) and at week 32 (À94 [127] kcal/d, p < 0.001). Metabolic adaptation at week 16 was predicted by race, age, baseline fat-free mass, RMR and respiratory quotient, and change in net oxygen consumption of walking (R 2 adjusted = 0.90, p < 0.001). Similar results were seen at week 32.Conclusions: In older women with overweight and obesity, a minimal energy deficit induced by aerobic and resistance exercise is associated with metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR.

Effect of Resistance Training with Different Set Structures on Neurotrophic Factors and Obesity-Related Biomarkers in Middle-Aged Korean Women with Obesity

“…Resistance exercise was an effective intervention for improving body composition by reducing body fat in middle-aged women with obesity [16,17]. However, the results of the present study showed no significant differences in body weight, BFP, or BMI among the groups.…”

Effect of resistance circuit training on comprehensive health indicators in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Studies focused on older adults have demonstrated that aerobic combined with resistance training plans can increase metabolic rate and improve body composition. However, long-term training in older women can lead to metabolic adaptation and a decrease in metabolic rate 41 . This suggests that the optimal intensity for weight loss may vary due to individual differences, such as age.…”

Weight strategy in older adults with obesity: calorie restriction or not?

“…Such phenomenon has been attributed to hormonal adaptations to the energy restricted-weight loss, of which the main features are elevated appetite, desire to eat, and reduced energy expenditure and satiety in response to food ingestion [30]. Importantly, a recent study conducted on 80 older women with obesity demonstrated that resistance and aerobic exercise without calorie restriction-induced weight loss resulted in a metabolic adaptation to the mild energy deficit induced by the intervention [31]. In another study, Rejeski et al [32 ▪▪ ] assessed changes in ghrelin and GLP-1 (orexigenic and anorexigenic, respectively) in 177 older adults with obesity and cardiometabolic diseases randomly assigned to weight loss alone, or weight loss plus aerobic or resistance exercise to evaluate the hormonal adaptations to weight loss.…”