Metabolic Activity in Human Skeletal Muscle Effect of Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency

Holm, Jan; Björntorp, Per; Scherstén, T

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1972.tb00657.x

Cited by 83 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…which has a higher proportion of glycolytic fibres which are not adapted to long-lasting contractions. Activity of oxidative enzymes has previously been shown to increase in muscles with decreased blood supply (Holm, Bjorntorp & Schersten, 1972) and in some cases of high-altitude hypoxia (Valdivia, 1958), where capillary growth has been described (Valdivia, 1958;Eby & Banchero, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of long‐term high‐frequency stimulation on capillary density and fibre types in rabbit fast muscles.

Hudlická¹,

Tyler²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Rabbit fast muscles (tibialis anterior, t.a.; extensor digitorum longus, e.d.l.; and peroneal muscles) were stimulated for up to 28 days by electrodes implanted in the vicinity of the lateral popliteal (peroneal) nerve for 8 h/day, using either intermittent high-frequency (three trains at 40 Hz/min, each 5 s duration), or continuous stimulation at 10 Hz. This did not result in muscle hypertrophy even after 28 days.2. Capillary density (number of capillaries/mm2) was increased in e.d.l. from 251 ± 3 to 366 + 6 after 14 days of stimulation and from 251 + 3 to 514 + 13 after 28 days of stimulation at 40 Hz. In t.a., capillary density increased from 373 + 5 to 583 + 10 after 14 days of stimulation at 40 Hz. The capillary/fibre ratio increased in e.d.l. from 1-25+0102 to 1-86+0-04 at 14 days and to 2-07+0-06 at 28 days. In t.a., capillary/fibre ratio increased from 1-40 + 0-03 to 1-83 + 0-05 at 14 days. All these changes were significant (P < 010005).3. Analysis of capillary density, capillary/fibre ratio, fibre areas and proportion of different fibre types in muscles stimulated for shorter periods showed no changes in capillary density, capillary/fibre ratio or fibre areas in e.d.l. or t.a. stimulated for 4 days; there was a decrease in the proportion of fast glycolytic fibres from 42 to 32 % (P < 010025) and increase in fast oxidative from 37-6 to 41-2 % in e.d.l. Muscles stimulated for 7 days showed increases in capillary density and capillary/fibre ratio in fast predominantly glycolytic fibres in e.d.l., and a decrease in capillary density in fast and slow oxidative fibres in t.a. This was partly due to the increase in fibre areas in these groups (capillary/fibre ratio in t.a. was not significantly changed). No changes were observed in fibre areas in e.d.l. Stimulation at 10 Hz produced increase in capillary/fibre ratio in the vicinity of glycolytic fibres after only 4 days.4. High-frequency intermittent stimulation leads to a massive capillary growth which starts first in the muscle with a higher proportion of glycolytic fibres (e.d.l.), has a later onset than continuous low-frequency stimulation, and may be due to a combination of high blood flow and metabolic factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of long‐term high‐frequency stimulation on capillary density and fibre types in rabbit fast muscles.

Hudlická¹,

Tyler²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Evidence for underlying muscle damage and degeneration in ambulatory IC patients has been presented [15,16] but such observations may reflect co-morbidities and have not been directly linked to IC symptoms. In the studies by Holm et al [13] muscle tissue from IC patients demonstrated an increased mitochondrial enzyme capacity. In patients with resting ischemia (and loss of mobility) this increased enzymatic activity was no longer observed [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptations to repeated periods of contraction with reduced blood flow in canine skeletal muscle

MacInnes

Timmons

2005

BMC Physiol

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BackgroundPatients suffering from Intermittent Claudication (IC) experience repeated periods of muscle contraction with low blood flow, throughout the day and this may contribute to the hypothesised skeletal muscle abnormalities. However, no study has evaluated the consequences of intermittent contraction with low blood flow on skeletal muscle tissue. Our aim was to generate this basic physiological data, determining the 'normal' response of healthy skeletal muscle tissue. We specifically proposed that the metabolic responses to contraction would be modified under such circumstances, revealing endogenous strategies engaged to protect the muscle adenine nucleotide pool. Utilizing a canine gracilis model (n = 9), the muscle was stimulated to contract (5 Hz) for three 10 min periods (separated by 10 min rest) under low blood flow conditions (80% reduced), followed by 1 hr recovery and then a fourth period of 10 min stimulation. Muscle biopsies were obtained prior to and following the first and fourth contraction periods. Direct arterio-venous sampling allowed for the calculation of muscle metabolite efflux and oxygen consumption.ResultsDuring the first period of contraction, [ATP] was reduced by ~30%. During this period there was also a 10 fold increase in muscle lactate concentration and a substantial increase in muscle lactate and ammonia efflux. Subsequently, lactate efflux was similar during the first three periods, while ammonia efflux was reduced by the third period. Following 1 hr recovery, muscle lactate and phosphocreatine concentrations had returned to resting values, while muscle [ATP] remained 20% lower. During the fourth contraction period no ammonia efflux or change in muscle ATP content occured. Despite such contrasting metabolic responses, muscle tension and oxygen consumption were identical during all contraction periods from 3 to 10 min.Conclusionrepeated periods of muscle contraction, with low blood flow, results in cessation of muscle ammonia production which is suggestive of a dramatic reduction in flux through AMP deaminase.

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“…In this respect, the observations of Holm et al [10] and Schersten et al [35] concerning the metabolic activity of the skele tal muscles in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency are also very suggestive. It is known that, under a hypoxic condition, physiological hy drogen acceptors other than oxygen and, especially, nicotinamide adenine nucleotides (NAD+ and NADP+) are temporarily involved to a greater ex tent in the tissular reduction-oxidation processes [32], It is also known that three molecules of ATP are enzymatically dephosphorylated for each molecule of NAD+ which is reduced, and, conversely, an equal number of ATP molecules are synthetized (by activity reversal of an ATPase) for each molecule of reduced NAD+ (NADH) which is oxidized by way of cell respiratory chain [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Early Biochemical Disorders in Hindlimb Muscles Following Femoral Artery Stenosis in Dogs Oxidative Metabolism

Păuşescu¹,

Proinov²,

Chirvasie³

et al. 1976

Eur Surg Res

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An approach to explain the early metabolic disturbances induced by a moderate ischaemia on the basis of comparative biochemical investigations concerning the oxidative metabolism in the skeletal muscles, is the object of the present paper. These investigations have revealed the following findings: (i) during a slight ischaemia the skeletal muscle maintains its ability to oxidize in vitro lactate and exhibits an increased activity in oxidizing pyruvate, succinate and L-glutamate, and (ii) the stores of adenosine and ATP are depleted and an important accumulation of inorganic phosphate, accompanied by a remarkable activation of phosphatases, occurs in the ischaemic muscle, while no significant changes in the ATPase and creatine phosphokinase activities and in the amounts of AMP, ADP and creatine phosphate are detectable in this muscle.

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Metabolic Activity in Human Skeletal Muscle Effect of Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of long‐term high‐frequency stimulation on capillary density and fibre types in rabbit fast muscles.

The effect of long‐term high‐frequency stimulation on capillary density and fibre types in rabbit fast muscles.

Metabolic adaptations to repeated periods of contraction with reduced blood flow in canine skeletal muscle

Early Biochemical Disorders in Hindlimb Muscles Following Femoral Artery Stenosis in Dogs Oxidative Metabolism

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