Metabolic acidosis in prometryn (triazine herbicide) self-poisoning

Abstract

Introduction. Prometryn is a triazine herbicide, which is one of the most extensively used groups of herbicides. The mechanism of acute triazine herbicide toxicity in humans is not known. We report a first case of acute prometryn poisoning. Case report. A 62-year-old male ingested 50 g of prometryn and ethanol in a suicide attempt. On arrival two hours after ingestion, he was somnolent and vomited. Seven hours after ingestion laboratory tests showed metabolic acidosis with a calculated anion gap of 47.5 mmol/L and lactate of 23.4 mmol/L. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed serum prometryn concentrations of 48.1 mg/L. Hemodialysis corrected metabolic acidosis, but the serum prometryn concentration increased to 67.7 mg/L. The lactate level after hemodialysis was 11.7 mmol/L and returned within normal limits 47 hours after ingestion. The patient was discharged without any sequelae after psychiatric evaluation. Conclusion. In high anion gap metabolic acidosis we should consider poisoning with prometryn and other triazine herbicides. Hemodialysis corrects metabolic derangements, but it does not lower serum prometryn concentration.

The role of alcohol use in pesticide suicide and self-harm: a scoping review

“…The diseased was a pig farmer. The report did not further explore how alcohol was ingested (it was not found in the syringe) or any surrounding circumstances relevant to alcohol use Brvar et al (Slovenia) [ 35 ] Hospital Prohelan T Acute Yes Male The patient had ingested prometryn and an ‘unknown quantity of wine’. Ethanol in serum was 0.24 mmol/L (195 mg/dL).…”

Toxicity of environmental Gesagard to goldfish may be connected with induction of low intensity oxidative stress in concentration- and tissue-related manners

“…In phototrophic organisms, prometryn inhibits photosynthesis by acting as a photosystem II inhibitor and induces oxidative stress (Jiang and Yang, 2009). In non-target organisms, particularly mammals, the possible mechanisms of prometryn action include disruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (Brvar et al, 2008;Dikić et al, 2009a;Dikić et al, 2010). As shown previously, chronic oral exposure of mice to prometryn disrupted the operation of the immune system, markedly affecting lymph nodes and thymus, as well as altering blood biochemistry indicators (Dikić et al, 2009b;Dikić et al, 2010).…”

“…As shown previously, chronic oral exposure of mice to prometryn disrupted the operation of the immune system, markedly affecting lymph nodes and thymus, as well as altering blood biochemistry indicators (Dikić et al, 2009b;Dikić et al, 2010). Acute poisoning in humans was accompanied by metabolic acidosis (Brvar et al, 2008). Metabolism of prometryn in mammals primarily occurs via N-dealkylation, conjugation through the sulfur group, sulfur oxidation and disulfide formation, with 90-98% of prometryn residues being eliminated in the urine and feces within seven days (Maynard et al, 1999).…”

Rapid Detection of Prometryn Residues in Agricultural Samples: Method Comparison of the ic-ELISA and Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Test Strips

“…Such contamination can have adverse effects on the immune system, reproductive system, endocrine system, and nervous system in both animals and humans. , Moreover, the use of herbicides, such as prometryn, in crops may have detrimental impacts on crop growth and yield reduction. Aquatic organisms, including fish and algae, are also susceptible to the adverse effects of prometryn, which influence their growth and development. − Prolonged consumption of vegetables and fruits with high prometryn residues can impair the human immune system. , …”