Meta-Emotion

The role of paternal mind‐mindedness in preschoolers' self‐regulated conduct

“…Although the vast majority of studies in the broader parenting literature have focused on maternal behaviour, there has been increasing interest in paternal influences on children, possibly because fathers are now more involved with their children than in previous generations (Cabrera et al, 2014). Fathers make unique contributions to child functioning in numerous spheres (e.g., Bordeleau, Bernier, & Carrier, 2012;Brown, McBride, Shin, & Bost, 2007;Lindsey, Cremeens, & Caldera, 2010) including socio-cognitive development (Lundy, 2013) as well as emotional regulation and control (Gottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1997). For instance, the quality of father-child relationships and interactions has been found to relate negatively to children's behaviour problems (Amato & Rivera, 1999) and positively to their subsequent self-regulatory capacities (Kochanska, Aksan, Prisco, & Adams, 2008) and committed compliance (Volling, McElwain, Notaro, & Errera, 2002).…”

“…We are aware of no study concerned with the influence of mind-mindedness on children's capacity to self-regulate their behaviour. Examining fathers' contributions in this regard may be particularly informative, given the documented paternal influences on different indices of child behaviour with close connections to self-regulated conduct (Amato & Rivera, 1999;Gottman et al, 1997;Kochanska et al, 2008;Volling et al, 2002). Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal links between paternal mind-mindedness and two indices of young children's self-regulated conduct, namely, rulecompatible conduct and inhibitory control.…”

Socialization of emotion and offspring internalizing symptoms in mothers with childhood-onset depression

“…Emotion-coaching parents are aware of the child’s emotion, help the child to verbally label emotions, empathize with or validate the child’s emotion, see the child’s emotion as an opportunity for intimacy or teaching, and/or help the child to problem solve (Gottman et al, 1997). Emotion-dismissing parents, on the other hand, believe that negative emotions are potentially harmful to children, and that parents should work to help children minimize negative emotions as quickly as possible (Gottman et al 1996).…”

“…Parents may also respond to children’s negative emotions in non-supportive ways. Parents who view negative emotions as aversive, or who lack a sense of efficacy in their own ability to manage emotions, may be particularly likely to have negative responses to their children’s emotional displays (Gottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1997). Critical or other overtly negative reactions, such as mocking or threatening to punish the child for his or her display of emotion, may encourage the suppression of emotion or the use of avoidant or aggressive emotion regulation strategies (Buck, 1984; Eisenberg et al, 1996; Roberts & Strayer, 1987).…”

“…The work of Eisenberg and colleagues (Eisenberg, 1994; Eisenberg et al, 1996; Eisenberg et al, 1999; Spinrad et al, 2007) and Gottman and colleagues (Gottman et al, 1996; Gottman et al, 1997) has generally focused on the socialization of global negative emotions (e.g., general negative affect and distress), while most research using the EAC has focused on the socialization of discrete emotions, such as anger, sadness, and fear. O’Neal and Magai (2005) examined whether emotion-specific or global socialization strategies were more strongly associated with symptoms of psychopathology in a study of inner-city adolescents.…”