Meta Analysis the Relationship of Social Support on Depression in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Depression in pregnancy can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, insufficient weight gain, and preterm delivery which can progress to postpartum depression thereby posing a risk to the mother-infant bond and impacting the child's social development at a further level. Social support is one of the important factors that can increase the risk of depression during pregnancy, because with a lack of social support, the increased risk of depression in pregnant or postpartum women will enhance. The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between low social support and depression in pregnancy. Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis, with a PICO covering Population= pregnant women. Intervention= weak social support. Comparison= sufficient social support. Outcome= depression during pregnancy. Research data was searched from several sources including: PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, and Science Direct with the following keywords "pregnant woman" AND "social support" OR "family support" OR "care relationship" AND "depression" AND "cross sectional" AND "multivariate". The inclusion criteria used were full papers using English with a cross sectional study design from 2011-2021 by reporting the Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) value. The selection of articles was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 8 cross-sectional studies from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Hungary, and Ethiopia were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that low social support in pregnant women increased the incidence of depression 2.04 times compared to sufficient social support and was statistically significant (aOR= 2.04; 95% CI= 1.57 to 2.64; p<0.001). Conclusion: Low social support increased the incidence of depression in pregnant women.