Meta‐analysis of the effects of rice‐field abandonment on biodiversity in Japan

Koshida, Chieko; Katayama, Naoki

doi:10.1111/cobi.13156

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In Japanese agricultural areas, farmers periodically mow the edges of rice fields for the convenience of agricultural management, resulting in the maintenance of long and narrow seminatural grasslands (Figure ). Although the seminatural grasslands on the edges of extensively managed fields are known to harbor a great number of plant species (Bambaradeniya et al, ; Fukamachi, Oku, & Miyake, ), many of the fields have been abandoned or highly intensified, both of which result in reduced plant and insect diversity (Kiritani, ; Koshida & Katayama, ; Uchida & Ushimaru, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the seminatural grasslands on the edges of extensively managed fields are known to harbor a great number of plant species (Bambaradeniya et al, 2004;Fukamachi, Oku, & Miyake, 2005), many of the fields have been abandoned or highly intensified, both of which result in reduced plant and insect diversity (Kiritani, 2000;Koshida & Katayama, 2018;Uchida & Ushimaru, 2014).…”

Section: Study Sites Land-use Types and Land-use Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting effects of land‐use changes on herbivory and pollination networks

Shinohara

Uchida

Yoshida

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Land‐use changes, one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, can cause underappreciated effects on ecosystems by altering the structures of interspecific interaction networks. These effects have typically been explored by evaluating interaction networks composed of a single type of interaction. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the different types of interaction networks sharing the same species respond to the same land‐use changes in a similar manner.To compare the responses of herbivory and pollination networks to land‐use changes, we investigated both types of interaction networks in seminatural grasslands categorized into three types of agricultural land‐use (abandoned, extensively managed, and intensively managed) in a Japanese agricultural landscape. We quantified the structures of the interaction networks using several indices (connectance, evenness, diversity, generality, network specialization, and robustness) and compared them among different land‐use types. We conducted piecewise SEM to differentiate the direct and indirect effects of land‐use changes on the network structures.Although both land‐use changes (abandonment and intensification) led to reduced plant and insect species richness, the structures of herbivory and pollination networks showed different responses to the land‐use changes. There was a marked contrast in network generality; while, herbivore species were less generalized (i.e., having fewer host plant species) in fields with land‐use intensification, pollinator species were less generalized in abandoned fields.Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the changes in interaction networks were also different between pollination and herbivory networks. The change in herbivory network generality was induced by the decrease in plant species richness, whereas the change in pollination network generality was mainly induced by the effect independent of changes in species richness and composition, which possibly reflect the less number of flowers in shaded environment.The present study demonstrates that agricultural land‐use changes affect herbivory and pollination networks in contrasting ways and suggests the importance of assessing multiple types of interaction networks for biodiversity conservation in plant–insect systems. Our results also highlight the underappreciated importance of maintaining habitats with an intermediate intensity of land‐use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sites Land-use Types and Land-use Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting effects of land‐use changes on herbivory and pollination networks

Shinohara

Uchida

Yoshida

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The limited number of studies available suggested that abandoned agricultural lands reduce the number of grassland specialists, resulting in the alteration and degradation of unique grassland habitats in Europe and Asia (Kamp et al, 2018;Koshida & Katayama, 2018;Marini et al, 2009;Ostermann, 1998;Uchida, Koyanagi, Matsumura, & Koyama, 2018;Uchida & Ushimaru, 2014). Passive restoration approaches might not be effective because many native species have been shown to be unable to re-colonize abandoned agricultural areas after decades of abandonment (Turley, Orrock, Ledvina, & Brudvig, 2017;Uchida & Ushimaru, 2014).…”

Section: Con Clus Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive restoration approaches might not be effective because many native species have been shown to be unable to re-colonize abandoned agricultural areas after decades of abandonment (Turley, Orrock, Ledvina, & Brudvig, 2017;Uchida & Ushimaru, 2014). Meta-analysis of abandonment effects on biodiversity in Japanese rice fields demonstrated that species richness and abundance decreased to 56%-72% after abandonment (Koshida & Katayama, 2018). These studies imply that the proposed strategy of rewilding and passive landscape restoration will enhance biodiversity (Corlett, 2015;Navarro & Pereira, 2012) might not necessarily apply to semi-natural ecosystems.…”

Section: Con Clus Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, ~10% of the total area of paddy fields has been abandoned with ~75% having been consolidated (Uematsu et al, 2010;Ushimaru, Uchida, & Suka, 2018). While land-use intensification is a well-studied and acknowledged driver of biodiversity loss, land abandonment is an often-underestimated driver, especially outside of Europe (Koshida & Katayama, 2018;Queiroz et al, 2014;Uchida & Ushimaru, 2014;Ushimaru et al, 2018).…”

Section: Con Clus Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non‐random loss of phylogenetically distinct rare species degrades phylogenetic diversity in semi‐natural grasslands

Uchida

Hiraiwa

Cadotte

2019

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Although biodiversity loss is a critically important topic, our understanding of how both land abandonment and land-use intensification in semi-natural grasslands alters the community diversity and assembly mechanisms is very limited. Largescale economic drivers of land-use change might inadvertently result in the loss of vulnerable species and reduce ecosystem service provisioning.2. In this study, we assessed non-random community change by examining patterns of low-abundance species loss, and community assembly in semi-natural grasslands due to land abandonment and intensification in southwest Japan. We analysed relationships between evolutionary distinctiveness and abundance for each species. In addition, we used metrics of species and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic structure to assess patterns of non-random biodiversity loss due to both abandoned and intensified land-use.3. We demonstrated that low-abundance species were more evolutionarily distinct compared to high-abundance (i.e. dominant) species. Furthermore, land-use intensification resulted in further declines in low-abundance species, whereas land abandonment resulted in declines in all species, regardless of their initial abundance.4. We found that both forms of land-use change (abandonment and intensification) resulted in non-random patterns of community change, with traditional land-use maintaining the highest biodiversity and land-use change coinciding with decreased species and phylogenetic diversity measures. Intensified land-use caused phylogenetic community structure to be more closely related than expected by chance, whereas the metrics of how distant species are from one another on average based on phylogenetic tree (i.e. mean pairwise phylogenetic distance) did not change from land abandonment. Synthesis and applications.We show that the loss of phylogenetic diversity, and especially of low-abundance species with high value of phylogenetic distinctiveness, resulted in non-random community disassembly. Our results argue that in order to maintain biodiversity in these semi-natural grasslands, traditional management practices should be encouraged over intensification and simple abandonment. Government agencies should adopt policies or provide incentives that encourage the maintenance of traditional practices in rural Japan, and elsewhere where the combination of land consolidation and abandonment are important conservation issues.

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Conservation management of abandoned paddy fields in Asia: Semi‐natural marshes with low‐intensity bovid grazing have higher biodiversity

Dudgeon

2020

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Semi-natural marshland is becoming increasingly prevalent in Asia as a result of the continuing abandonment of rice cultivation. Although these marshes are important habitats for aquatic animals, they are susceptible to terrestrialization. Large mammalian herbivores that can retard terrestrialization are in decline globally, but domesticated bovids may serve as their surrogates, and could be used for managing semi-natural marshes. Relevant research in Asia is lacking, however. 2. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were sampled in both the wet and dry seasons from 26 freshwater marshes (abandoned paddy fields) across Hong Kong, encompassing 15 sites grazed by feral bovids (yellow cattle and water buffalo) and 11 ungrazed sites. The aim was to investigate seasonal variation in the effects of bovids on macroinvertebrate communities in monsoonal marshes. 3. Four decades after paddy cultivation had been abandoned, semi-natural marshes with low-intensity bovid grazing (0.06-0.14 cattle ha −1) had significantly higher (16%) site-scale γ-diversity. Macroinvertebrate communities at grazed sites had more Coleoptera and larval Odonata, and differed markedly from those at ungrazed sites. The effects of grazing on diversity and composition were unaffected by season, but season itself was a significant predictor of αand β-diversity and species composition. 4. This study is the first to record the responses of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and composition to large-mammal grazing in Asian marshlands. Given that bovid grazing at low intensity can control plant growth, with concomitant benefits for wetland diversity, it is suggested that targeted grazing of short duration could be used for conservation management of abandoned paddy fields.

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Meta‐analysis of the effects of rice‐field abandonment on biodiversity in Japan

Cited by 53 publications

References 44 publications

Contrasting effects of land‐use changes on herbivory and pollination networks

Contrasting effects of land‐use changes on herbivory and pollination networks

Non‐random loss of phylogenetically distinct rare species degrades phylogenetic diversity in semi‐natural grasslands

Conservation management of abandoned paddy fields in Asia: Semi‐natural marshes with low‐intensity bovid grazing have higher biodiversity

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