Meta-analysis of the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on the risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to study the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the context of conventional drug therapy for CAD.MethodsThe literature on probiotics or synbiotics for the treatment of CAD was collected from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search period was conducted on November 5, 2022, and the search covered all literature before November 5, 2022. The included literature consisted of randomized controlled trials of probiotics or synbiotics for CAD, and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14 software and RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsThe meta-analysis explored the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on the risk factors for coronary artery lesions in a treatment setting with conventional medications for CAD. After a rigorous literature screening process, 10 studies were finally included for data consolidation to objectively evaluate the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on coronary lesions. The results of this study showed that the addition of probiotics or synbiotics to conventional medications for CAD reduced the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [weighted mean difference (WMD) −9.13 (−13.17, −5.09)], fasting glucose (FPG) [WMD −13.60 (−23.57, −3.62)], and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.60 (−0.83, −0.37)] and increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [WMD 1.94 (0.32, 3.57)], nitric oxide (NO) [WMD 5.38 (3.23, 7.54)] but did not affect the triglyceride (TG) level [WMD −13.41 (−28.03, 1.21)], systolic blood pressure (SBP) [WMD −0.88 (−3.72, 1.96)], or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [WMD −0.21 (−2.19, 1.76)].ConclusionAdding probiotics or synbiotics to conventional medications for CAD may improve patient prognosis.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022362711.

Role of probiotics in managing various human diseases, from oral pathology to cancer and gastrointestinal diseases

“…Two meta-analyses consisting of 16 randomized controlled trials investigating the role of several probiotics (L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, L. reuteri, L. fermentum, and L. rhamnosus) in treating coronary artery disease and lowering blood pressure, blood lipid, and blood glucose was conducted recently. These studies showed that adding probiotics to conventional medications for coronary artery disease reduced the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein and increased the levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and nitric oxide (Lei et al, 2023;Liu L. et al, 2023). Similarly, a retrospective cohort study of 4,837 participants aged 65 years or older found that subjects who used probiotics experienced a reduced risk of all-cause mortality by nearly 41% and cardiovascular mortality by 52% (Shen et al, 2023).…”

Probiotics Supplementation during Pregnancy: Can They Exert Potential Beneficial Effects against Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes beyond Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

“…There is currently substantial evidence that probiotic supplementation could act as a protective agent against allergic symptoms, tumor malignancies, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, immune system disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, there is not at this time adequate conclusive evidence concerning their potential health effects, and it remains questionable whether they may be applied as supplementary treatment in any disease.…”