Meta-Analysis of the Association between Lumican Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to High Myopia

Abstract

BackgroundsMany studies have evaluated the association between lumican (LUM) gene polymorphisms and high myopia. However, the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between two common LUM polymorphisms (rs3759223 and rs3759222) and the risk of high myopia.MethodsA comprehensive literature search for studies published up until September of 2013 was performed. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and the weighted Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for the associations were obtained by using a random-effects model.ResultsEight studies (1425cases and 1271 controls) were identified for the analysis of the association between rs3759223 polymorphism and high myopia. The results indicated that rs3759223 polymorphism was associated with high myopia under a recessive model (OR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.04–2.81). Further subgroup analysis indicated that this polymorphism was associated with high myopia among Chinese people in the additive model (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.06–1.29) and a recessive model (OR = 1.75, 95%CI 1.00–3.06) with control group coming from hospital based population. Four studies (1024 cases and 1163 controls) were identified for the analysis of the association between rs3759222 polymorphism and high myopia. The results indicated that rs3759222 polymorphism was not associated with high myopia in all genetic models, even the subgroup analysis couldn't provide relative proof to assure the outcome.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that LUM polymorphisms are associated with the risk of high myopia. However, well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and more ethnic groups are required to further validate this association.

Analysis of the association between the <em>LUM</em> rs3759223 variant and high myopia in a Japanese population

“…On the other hand, in our Japanese population, the genotype tests showed that the T allele had a stronger association with high myopia in a dominant model than in a recessive model, regardless of the SE level of the patients (Table 3). This finding is not in line with previous studies 26–28…”

“…Recent meta-analyses of the genotype results for rs3759223 that were reported in previous studies suggest that rs3759223 is associated with an increased risk of high myopia in a recessive model of the T allele 26–28Table 4 shows the results of genotypic association tests that used the genotype results reported by each study; the T allele was associated with an increased risk of high myopia in a recessive model in all of the studies.…”

The small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycans in tissue repair and atherosclerosis

“…The SLRPs are a subfamily of the large (>300 members) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) superfamily [58] a Lum tm1Wwk [60] Cancer [12,86] Systemic lupus erythematosus [88] Myopia [90] Fibromodulin Class II SLRP [61] Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy [153,154,156] Marfan syndrome [155] Progeroid symptoms [107] Cancer [12] Biglycan that includes the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors [14]. The LRR superfamily is characterized by tandem repeats of leucine-rich motifs of 21, 24 or 26 amino acids, classified into seven different types based on conserved amino acids.…”

“…Lumican expression is induced in fibroblast cultures by proinflammatory signals such as lipopolysaccharides or IL‐1β and suppressed by immunosuppressive TGFβ . Polymorphisms in LUM , and changes in its expression levels have been associated with multiple diseases, ranging from cancer to systemic lupus erythematosus and myopia . Table shows the key cellular functions associated with each of the five SLRPs, as well as the available gene‐targeted mouse models and key associations with some human disease (this is not a complete list of all disease associations).…”