Meta-analysis of the association between nut consumption and the risks of cancer incidence and cancer-specific mortality

Zhang, Dai; Dai, Cong; Zhou, Linghui; Li, Yiche; Liu, Kang; Deng, Yao; Li, Na; Zheng, Yi; Hao, Qian; Yang, Shuanying; Song, Dingli; Wu, Ying; Zhai, Zhen; Cao, Shiyi; Dai, Zhijun

doi:10.18632/aging.103292

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…In the case of cashew nut-based products, around 50% of their weight were cashews, being the major ingredient, followed by water and lemon juice. The health benefits of whole nuts consumption is well-known [ 33 , 34 ], and it has been reported that other nut-based processed products, such as peanut butter without added sugars, could provide some health benefits, reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes incidence [ 35 ]. In the case of tofu-based products, 98.5% of the products’ weight is soy milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Cheese Available in Spanish Supermarkets: How Do They Compare to Dairy Cheese?

Fresán

Rippin²

2021

Nutrients

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Plant-based cheese is one of the most increasingly consumed dairy alternatives. Evidence is lacking on their nutritional quality. We aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition of the plant-based cheese options available in Spanish supermarkets, and how they compare with dairy cheese. An audit of plant-based cheese alternatives has been conducted in seven of the most common supermarkets. For each product, the nutritional content per 100 g and ingredients were collected. Data on generic dairy cheese were retrieved from the BEDCA website. Descriptive statistics (median, minimum and maximum) were used to characterize the plant-based cheese products, for both all the products and grouped by main ingredients (i.e., coconut oil, cashew nuts and tofu). Mann–Whitney U tests were used for comparisons between dairy and different types of plant-based cheese. The coconut oil-based products (the large majority of plant-based cheese products, n = 34) could not be considered as healthy foods. Their major ingredients were refined coconut oil and starches and were high in saturated fats and salt. The other smaller groups, cashew nut- (n = 4) and tofu-based (n = 2), showed a healthier nutritional profile. Replacing dairy cheese with these groups could be nutritionally beneficial. Future investigations should address the health effects of substituting dairy cheese with these products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Cheese Available in Spanish Supermarkets: How Do They Compare to Dairy Cheese?

Fresán

Rippin²

2021

Nutrients

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“…These sex-differentiated associations could be due to chance. Four meta-analyses have suggested the protective effect of nut intake on cancer mortality (8,9,11,12) . However, one of the four meta-analyses that combined four cohorts in Europe and the USA presented no evidence for heterogeneity in the associations between men and women (12) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the nutritional perspective, previous studies suggested that nut intake was associated with glucose and blood lipid control, and modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function and insulin resistance (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . Through these mechanisms, nut intake may contribute to preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other chronic diseases (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) . Although peanuts are legumes, they are treated as nuts because their nutrient contents are similar to those of almonds and other tree nuts (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested that nut intake is associated with reduced risks of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Meta-analyses have revealed that compared with the lowest intake category, the highest intake category of nuts reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 15% to 23% (7)(8)(9)(10) , CVD mortality by 25% to 29% (8)(9)(10)(11) , and cancer mortality by 10% to 15% (8,9,11,12) . The PREDIMED trial in Spain recently revealed that the risk of CVD was 28% lower in subjects assigned to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts than in those assigned to the control diet (advice on a low-fat diet) (13) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of total nut and peanut intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese community: the Takayama study

et al. 2021

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Numerous epidemiological studies have suggested that nut intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Although diets and lifestyles differ by regions or races/ethnicities, few studies have investigated the associations among non-white, non-Western populations. We evaluated the associations of total nut and peanut intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a population-based prospective cohort in Japan. Participants (age: ≥35 years at baseline in 1992; n = 31,552) were followed up until death or the end of follow-up in 2008. Those with cancer, coronary heart disease, or stroke at baseline were excluded. Dietary intake was assessed only at baseline by using a validated food frequency questionnaire. In total, 2901 men died during 183,299 person-years and 2438 women died during 227,054 person-years. The mean intakes of total nuts were 1.8 and 1.4 g/day in men and women, respectively. Although peanut intake accounted for approximately 80% of the total nut intake, total nut and peanut intakes were inversely associated with all-cause mortality in men after adjusting for all potential confounders. For example, compared with the lowest quartile category, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of total nut intake for all-cause mortality in men of the highest quartile category was 0.85 (0.75–0.96) (P for trend = 0.034). Peanut intake was inversely associated with digestive disease mortality in men and cardiovascular disease mortality in women. Total nut and peanut intakes, even in low amounts, were associated with a reduced risk of mortality particularly in men.

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“…Many other studies have evaluated the relationship between nut consumption and risk of cancer mortality. An earlier meta-analysis by Zhang et al in 2020 showed that total nut consumption was associated with a reduced odds ratio (OR) of cancer-related mortality (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88, 0.92) [ 48 ]. In this meta-analysis, statistically significant inverse associations between nut consumption and cancer site occurrence were present for colorectum, stomach, pancreas, and lung.…”

Section: Nut Consumption and Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals

2021

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Common nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are energy-dense foods that nature has gifted with a complex matrix of beneficial nutrients and bioactives, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, high-quality protein, fiber, non-sodium minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and antioxidant phenolics. These nut components synergize to favorably influence metabolic and vascular physiology pathways, ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors and improve cardiovascular prognosis. There is increasing evidence that nuts positively impact myriad other health outcomes as well. Nut consumption is correlated with lower cancer incidence and cancer mortality, and decreased all-cause mortality. Favorable effects on cognitive function and depression have also been reported. Randomized controlled trials consistently show nuts have a cholesterol-lowering effect. Nut consumption also confers modest improvements on glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, and inflammation. Although nuts are energy-dense foods, they do not predispose to obesity, and in fact may even help in weight loss. Tree nuts and peanuts, but not peanut butter, generally produce similar positive effects on outcomes. First level evidence from the PREDIMED trial shows that, in the context of a Mediterranean diet, consumption of 30 g/d of nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts) significantly lowered the risk of a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease) by ≈30% after intervention for 5 y. Impressively, the nut-supplemented diet reduced stroke risk by 45%. As they are rich in salutary bioactive compounds and beneficially impact various health outcomes, nuts can be considered natural pleiotropic nutraceuticals.

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Meta-analysis of the association between nut consumption and the risks of cancer incidence and cancer-specific mortality

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Cheese Available in Spanish Supermarkets: How Do They Compare to Dairy Cheese?

Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Cheese Available in Spanish Supermarkets: How Do They Compare to Dairy Cheese?

Associations of total nut and peanut intakes with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese community: the Takayama study

Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals

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