Meta-analysis of risk factors for canine leptospirosis

Ricardo, Tamara; Previtali, M. Andrea; Signorini, Marcelo

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105037

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…seropositivity herein was significantly higher for animals living in households with a reported history of flooding (p = 0.031). Such association corroborates previous metaanalyses studies focusing on dogs (Azócar-Aedo, 2016; Ricardo et al, 2020) and human infections (Naing et al, 2019), where flooding is the major risk factor for the spread of the disease.…”

Section: F I G U R E 1 Unsanitary Conditions In a Household From An I...supporting

confidence: 91%

Serological survey of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with animal hoarding disorder and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil

Cunha

Pellizzaro

Martins

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) presented a persistent difficulty in detaching from objects and/or animals. Unhealthy conditions, frequently found in cases of animal HD (AHD), may favour environmental contamination and the spread of zoonotic pathogens. Despite that, only one study of zoonotic diseases in individuals with AHD and their companion animals has been conducted to date. Objectives This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with AHD and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 264 dogs (21 households) and 19 individuals with AHD (11 households) and tested by microscopic agglutination test. Results All human samples were seronegative. Seropositivity was found in 16/264 (6.1%; CI 95% 3.3–9.6%) dogs from 11/21 (52.38%) households, with titres ranging from 100 up to 400, and Copenhageni (10/16; 62.5%) was the most frequent serovar. Surprisingly, seropositivity of hoarded dogs found herein was among the lowest reportedly observed in other dog populations of Brazil. Two epidemiological variables were significantly associated with seropositivity in dogs: the presence of cat hoarding (p = 0.004) and the report of flood occurrence in the household (p = 0.031). Conclusions No individuals with AHD were seropositive, and besides the lower seroprevalence of dogs, they probably had contact with Leptospira spp. at some point in their life. Since dogs can be considered potential sentinels in leptospirosis, public health programs must become aware of the risk of leptospirosis cases in households of individuals with AHD and nearby communities.

show abstract

Section: F I G U R E 1 Unsanitary Conditions In a Household From An I...supporting

confidence: 91%

Serological survey of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with animal hoarding disorder and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil

Cunha

Pellizzaro

Martins

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in this study, sex and age did not appear as an identifiable risk factor for canine leptospirosis, as similarly reported by Meeyam et al, (2006) [ 46 ]. Having contact with infected dogs in a multidog household did not significantly increase the probability of infection [ 47 ], similarly multiple-dog households ( n = 22) were not a significant risk factor. Healthy dogs were likely protected from infection even though they stayed together with infected dogs, because owners claimed that dogs were managed or kept separately, or the different behavioral factors (i.e., hunting, chasing, territorial) and/or immunity level of each dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Predictive Factors of Leptospirosis in Dogs Diagnosed with Kidney and/or Liver Disease in Selangor, Malaysia

Rahman

Khor

Khairani-Bejo

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canine leptospirosis is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. It has been widely reported and causes public health concerns due to its zoonotic potential and its re-emergence, resulting from close contact between humans and dogs. The current study identified potential risk and predictive factors for dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease due to leptospirosis. A total of 124 client-owned dogs were recruited, and information such as signalment, medical history, management, and clinical findings were documented. Samples collected from the recruited dogs were directly tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently inoculated for bacterial isolation. Statistical analyses were descriptively analyzed, and risk analyses were performed using Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression. A total of 53 dogs (42.7%) were positive for leptospiral infection based on PCR, and 10 leptospiral isolates were successfully recovered from eight dogs. The mortality rate of infected dogs was 34.0% (18/53). Medium and large dog breeds, with a history of exposure to rats, and managed outdoors had a greater risk for leptospirosis (p < 0.05). The significant predictors for the dogs’ positivity were the presence of rats and acute clinical illness (p < 0.05). Administration of antibiotics and the detection of clinical illness at an early stage of the disease improved the survivability of the dogs (p < 0.05). Identifying the profile of dogs that are at risk to leptospirosis could be useful in the design of diagnostic and treatment strategies, as well as to increase awareness for prevention of the disease.

show abstract

“…Canine leptospirosis has been widely reported, and infection in dogs can lead to a wide variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infections or mild febrile illness to severe multisystem organ failure [ 4 , 5 ]. Laboratory findings are mostly inconclusive, and the definitive diagnosis is still based on confirmatory tests for the direct or indirect identification of the pathogen [ 6 ], such as dark-field microscopy, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), bacterial culture and serum antibody titration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and serological characterization of pathogenic Leptospira spp. isolated from symptomatic dogs in a highly endemic area, Brazil

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil, with a great impact on human and animal health. Although dogs are frequently infected by pathogenic Leptospira, the current epidemiological understanding of canine leptospirosis is mainly based on serological tests that predict the infecting serogroup/serovar. Thus, the present study aimed at identifying the causative agent for severe cases of canine leptospirosis in a highly endemic area through the isolation and characterization of the isolated strains. Results Urine, serum and blood samples were collected from 31 dogs with suspected acute leptospirosis treated at the Veterinary Hospital Service of Santo Amaro University between 2018 and 2019. Acute infection was confirmed in 17 dogs (54.8%) by the associated use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Microscopic Agglutination (MAT) and bacteriological culture. Eleven dogs (35.5%) had titers ≥800, with the most frequent serogroups being Autumnalis and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 4 each) and Canicola (n = 2). Leptospires were recovered from four dogs, and Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) revealed infection caused by L. interrogans, which were further characterized as serogroups Canicola (n = 1) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 3). Conclusion The identity of the isolates and serological pattern of MAT suggest that dogs are highly exposed to the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola, also indicating possible circulation of serogroups not yet isolated in Brazil, notably serogroup Autumnalis. Our findings also reinforce the usefulness of using multiple diagnostic approaches to confirm acute canine leptospirosis.

show abstract

Meta-analysis of risk factors for canine leptospirosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Serological survey of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with animal hoarding disorder and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil

Serological survey of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with animal hoarding disorder and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil

Risk and Predictive Factors of Leptospirosis in Dogs Diagnosed with Kidney and/or Liver Disease in Selangor, Malaysia

Molecular and serological characterization of pathogenic Leptospira spp. isolated from symptomatic dogs in a highly endemic area, Brazil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About