Meta-Analysis of Infectious Agents and Depression

Xiao, Wang; Zhang, Liang; Yang, Lei; Liu, Xia; Zhou, Xinyu; Liu, Yiyun; Wang, Mingju; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Lujun; Fan, ST; Xie, Peng

doi:10.1038/srep04530

Cited by 74 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…42,45 Many infectious agents have been suspected as risk factors for depression, including hepatitis C virus, enterovirus, herpes simplex 1, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, varicella-zoster virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Borna disease virus, brucellosis, and Chlamydophila trachomatis. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] A recent study from Egypt reported that patients treated for chronic hepatitis C decompensated liver cirrhosis using new direct-acting antiviral drugs, which in turn, showed an improvement in liver tests and health-related quality of life. However, longer duration of follow-up for decompensation events are essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Treatment Improvement of an Emerging Psychosomatic Depressive Disorder Among Salmonella Carriers: A Multicenter Experience from Egypt

et al. 2018

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Background: As physicians in a referral hospital, we observed the association between history of enteric fever and somatic disorders associated with low mood. At the Al-Hussein University Hospital, Cairo and the National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia, we receive patients from all over Egypt, including rural areas where enteric fever is endemic. Aim: Here in, 60 Egyptian patients referred to us for evaluation of different somatic disorders are reported. Methods: After extensive evaluations, the patients' symptoms were function-related. Also, their typhoid carrier states were documented, and the severity of depression using Hamilton-D (HAM-D) questionnaire was evaluated and recorded. All patients were treated with ceftriaxone, 2 gm, IV, daily for 15 days. The clinical evaluation and Hamilton score were reassessed at the end of the treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. The patients did not receive any anti-depressant nor anti-anxiety treatment during their course. Typhoid carrier was defined by documenting the history of typhoid fever that was diagnosed by culturing the Salmonella species, and not by serology, isolated from stool culture along with febrile condition, plus the absence of fever in the past 3 weeks. The Widal test was not accepted as a criterion for enrollment. Results: Patients showed clinically significant improvement in the somatic complaints, and their HAM-D score immediately post-treatment that was consolidated for 6 weeks posttreatment completion. Conclusion: In this study, the typhoid carrier was associated with the psychosomatic depression that improved by antibiotic therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Treatment Improvement of an Emerging Psychosomatic Depressive Disorder Among Salmonella Carriers: A Multicenter Experience from Egypt

et al. 2018

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“…However, a link, whatsoever, to Borna disease virus (BDV) appeared as a particularly promising line of research since more than two decades [3, 4], Pros and Cons of which are still under debate [5]. Recently, a meta-analysis on infectious agents and depression further supported BDV as the most relevant candidate agent and found statistical significance that depressed individuals are 3.25 times more likely to be infected by BDV than healthy [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary psychosis and Borna disease virus infection in Lithuania: a case control study

Zaliunaite

Steiblienė

Bode³

et al. 2016

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe hypothesis that microbial infections may be linked to mental disorders has long been addressed for Borna disease virus (BDV), but clinical and epidemiological evidence remained inconsistent due to non-conformities in detection methods. BDV circulating immune complexes (CIC) were shown to exceed the prevalence of serum antibodies alone and to comparably screen for infection in Europe (DE, CZ, IT), the Middle East (IR) and Asia (CN), still seeking general acceptance.MethodsWe used CIC and antigen (Ag) tests to investigate BDV infection in Lithuania through a case-control study design comparing in-patients suffering of primary psychosis with blood donors. One hundred and six acutely psychotic in-patients with no physical illness, consecutively admitted to the regional mental hospital, and 98 blood donors from the Blood Donation Centre, Lithuania, were enrolled in the study. The severity of psychosis was assessed twice, prior and after acute antipsychotic therapy, by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). BDV-CIC and Ag markers were tested once after therapy was terminated.ResultsWhat we found was a significantly higher prevalence of CIC, indicating a chronic BDV infection, in patients with treated primary psychosis than in blood donor controls (39.6 % vs. 22.4 %, respectively). Free BDV Ag, indicating currently active infection, did not show significant differences among study groups. Higher severity of psychosis prior to treatment was inversely correlated to the presence of BDV Ag (42.6 vs. 34.1 BPRS, respectively; p = 0.022).ConclusionsThe study concluded significantly higher BDV infection rates in psychotic than in healthy Lithuanians, thus supporting similar global trends for other mental disorders. The study raised awareness to consider the integration of BDV infection surveillance in psychiatry research in the future.

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“…Infectious mononucleosis, i.e ., typically an Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection in adolescence or adulthood, is a well known cause of postinfectious fatigue. However, also several other pathogens are also able to upregulate psychiatric symptoms, such as persistent pathogens: Borna disease virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, varicella zoster virus, and Chlamydophila trachomatis [2]. Apart from the first attack, a reactivation of an endogenous infection can increase the risk of depression[3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious, atopic and inflammatory diseases, childhood adversities and familial aggregation are independently associated with the risk for mental disorders: Results from a large Swiss epidemiological study

Ajdacic-Gross¹,

Aleksandrowicz²,

Rodgers³

et al. 2016

WJP

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AIMTo examine the associations between mental disorders and infectious, atopic, inflammatory diseases while adjusting for other risk factors.METHODSWe used data from PsyCoLaus, a large Swiss Population Cohort Study (n = 3720; age range 35-66). Lifetime diagnoses of mental disorders were grouped into the following categories: Neurodevelopmental, anxiety (early and late onset), mood and substance disorders. They were regressed on infectious, atopic and other inflammatory diseases adjusting for sex, educational level, familial aggregation, childhood adversities and traumatic experiences in childhood. A multivariate logistic regression was applied to each group of disorders. In a complementary analysis interactions with sex were introduced via nested effects.RESULTSAssociations with infectious, atopic and other chronic inflammatory diseases were observable together with consistent effects of childhood adversities and familial aggregation, and less consistent effects of trauma in each group of mental disorders. Streptococcal infections were associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (men), and measles/mumps/rubella-infections with early and late anxiety disorders (women). Gastric inflammatory diseases took effect in mood disorders (both sexes) and in early disorders (men). Similarly, irritable bowel syndrome was prominent in a sex-specific way in mood disorders in women, and, moreover, was associated with early and late anxiety disorders. Atopic diseases were associated with late anxiety disorders. Acne (associations with mood disorders in men) and psoriasis (associations with early anxiety disorders in men and mood disorders in women) contributed sex-specific results. Urinary tract infections were associated with mood disorders and, in addition, in a sex-specific way with late anxiety disorders (men), and neurodevelopmental and early anxiety disorders (women).CONCLUSIONInfectious, atopic and inflammatory diseases are important risk factors for all groups of mental disorders. The sexual dimorphism of the associations is pronounced.

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Meta-Analysis of Infectious Agents and Depression

Cited by 74 publications

References 49 publications

On-Treatment Improvement of an Emerging Psychosomatic Depressive Disorder Among Salmonella Carriers: A Multicenter Experience from Egypt

On-Treatment Improvement of an Emerging Psychosomatic Depressive Disorder Among Salmonella Carriers: A Multicenter Experience from Egypt

Primary psychosis and Borna disease virus infection in Lithuania: a case control study

Infectious, atopic and inflammatory diseases, childhood adversities and familial aggregation are independently associated with the risk for mental disorders: Results from a large Swiss epidemiological study

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