Meta-analysis of gender differences in body appreciation

He, Jinbo; Sun, Shaojing; Zickgraf, Hana F.; Lin, Zhicheng; Fan, Xitao

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.011

Cited by 120 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…To our knowledge, our study was the first to look at the relationship between ON and positive body image. We chose to study body appreciation because body appreciation is not simply the absence of body dissatisfaction, but rather a related yet distinct construct that is closely associated with well‐being (He, Sun, Lin, & Fan, 2020; He, Sun, Zickgraf, Lin, & Fan, 2020; Swami, Weis, Barron, & Furnham, 2018). From a pathological perspective of ON, one would naturally expect to see a negative association of ON with body appreciation, functionality appreciation, food‐related quality of life, and life satisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthorexia nervosa is associated with positive body image and life satisfaction in Chinese elderly: Evidence for a positive psychology perspective

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Obsessive attention to healthy eating might paradoxically lead to physical and psychosocial impairments, a potential eating disorder termed orthorexia nervosa (ON). An ongoing debate concerns whether ON should be categorized as an eating disorder, an obsessive–compulsive disorder, or a mental disorder at all. A missing voice in this debate is ON in the elderly, which remains unknown, despite health being a more central issue in everyday life during old age. Similarly missing is ON in East Asia, which remains largely unexplored. Method The current study investigated ON in 313 Chinese elderly (M = 67.90, SD = 7.94) using the Chinese version of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (C‐DOS). Questionnaires were used to measure traditional eating disorder symptomatology, body image (body dissatisfaction, body appreciation, and functionality appreciation), lifestyle behaviors (fruit and vegetable consumption and time spent on physical activity), and indexes of well‐being (psychological distress, food‐related quality of life, and life satisfaction). Results ON symptoms were positively related to physical activity, fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and life satisfaction, but negatively related to body dissatisfaction. Compared with those without ON, the elderly with ON scored higher on positive psychological/lifestyle measures but lower on negative psychological measures. Discussion Contrary to the dominant characterization of ON as a variant of disordered eating, in Chinese elderly ON was associated with several positive lifestyle and psychological measures. Thus, ON in the elderly might not be viewed as a form of disordered eating but can be protective and beneficial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthorexia nervosa is associated with positive body image and life satisfaction in Chinese elderly: Evidence for a positive psychology perspective

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Studies of college-aged women have demonstrated that positive body image is associated with greater self-esteem and proactive coping [17]. Men typically report greater body appreciation compared to women [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Body Appreciation and Disordered Eating In Adolescents of Different Sports Practice: Cross-Sectional Study

Jankauskienė

Bacevičienė

Trinkūnienė

2020

IJERPH

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This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between body appreciation, body functionality and disordered eating in a large adolescent sample of different levels and types of sports practice. Method: The sample consisted of 1412 adolescents (59.8% were girls). The ages ranged from 15 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 16.9 (SD = 0.5) for girls and 17.0 (SD = 0.4) for boys. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing the nature of sports participation, body appreciation, body functionality, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, internalisation of sociocultural beauty ideals and disordered eating. A two-way ANOVA was employed to test the differences in body image concerns, body appreciation, perceived physical fitness and disordered eating behaviours in gender groups and groups of different sport types and levels. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to predict disordered eating behaviours of different study variables. Results: Participants of leisure and competitive sports reported greater body appreciation, self-esteem and lower body dissatisfaction compared to non-participants. No differences in body appreciation and disordered eating were observed in adolescents involved in weight-sensitive and less weight-sensitive sports. Body appreciation and body functionality were associated with lower disordered eating in adolescent girls not participating in sports, leisure exercisers and participants of competitive sport as well as in boys participating in competitive sports, controlling for body mass index. Adolescent boys demonstrated greater body appreciation compared to girls. Conclusions: The results of this study support the knowledge of the protective role of positive body image preventing dysfunctional eating in adolescent girls of various sports practice and in competitive sports involved boys. Disordered eating prevention and clinical treatment programs for adolescents of different physical activity might benefit from including education about body appreciation and functionality.

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“…Also, included in this club are 15 African countries and 5 oceanic countries. Finally, Club 5 has 57 countries mostly from Africa (36) and Asia (18). Two countries, Ethiopia and Senegal, do not converge in any of the previous clubs.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Convergence Clubsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Club 1 consists of 17 countries with an obesity rate of 11% and Club 2 includes 181 countries with an obesity rate of 3.4%. The lower number of countries in Club 1, with the highest obesity rate, and the high concentration of countries in Club 2 may be related to the greater pressure women feel towards certain physical stereotypes, leading to greater homogenization towards an ideal body weight [36]. This could lead to a greater concentration among girls in terms of the number of convergence groups as occurs with adult women [25].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Convergence Clubsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trends in Child Obesity: Are Figures Converging?

González-Alvarez¹,

Lázaro-Alquézar²,

Simón-Fernández³

2020

Preprint

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Infant obesity has become one of the most serious global health challenges of our time. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity has rapidly increased worldwide during the last two decades, especially in some developing countries where obesity is reaching levels on a par with some industrialized countries, or even higher. This fast growth has occurred especially in countries in the midst of rapid social-economic transitions. Most international comparisons focus on the adult population while analyses focusing on the child population are more limited. Using the methodology developed by Phillips and Sul [1], this paper studies the worldwide evolution of infant body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity prevalence for a large sample of countries during the period 1975-2016. Our results indicate that the figures for BMI or the prevalence of obesity in different countries do not converge, while the opposite is the case for overweight prevalence in children. Furthermore, there is a non-linear relationship between obesity and income or human capital, indicating that low and middle-income countries require a strong initiative for health policies targeting obesity prevention.

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Meta-analysis of gender differences in body appreciation

Cited by 120 publications

References 90 publications

Orthorexia nervosa is associated with positive body image and life satisfaction in Chinese elderly: Evidence for a positive psychology perspective

Orthorexia nervosa is associated with positive body image and life satisfaction in Chinese elderly: Evidence for a positive psychology perspective

Examining Body Appreciation and Disordered Eating In Adolescents of Different Sports Practice: Cross-Sectional Study

Global Trends in Child Obesity: Are Figures Converging?

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