Meta-analysis of classical swine fever prevalence in pigs in India: A 5-year study

Patil, S. S.; Suresh, Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa; Saha, Sanjoy; Prajapati, Awadhesh; Hemadri, D.; Roy, Parimal

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2018.297-303

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In this study, the overall prevalence of CSFV antibodies detected was 40.71% (Table 2) which was comparatively less when compared to previous pan India surveillance finding of 594 serum samples from 12 states and 287 tissue samples tested from 13 states of India using commercial ELISA kits in which mean prevalence of CSFV antibodies in suspected sera was 63.3% and CSFV antigen in the suspected samples was 76.7% (Nandi et al, 2011). The present study is in corroboration with the earlier study where 45.15% seroprevalence was detected (Mukherjee et al, 2018) but higher than reported by earlier worker, i.e., 37% (Patil et al, 2018). The study revealed the endemicity of the diseases in Mizoram since majority of the samples were collected from apparently healthy and suspected animals.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

Lalhruaipuii¹,

Shakuntala²,

Sen³

2020

JEB

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This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against two economically significant viral pathogens in domestic pigs like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) through a serological study in swine herds in Mizoram, India. Serum samples were collected from apparently healthy and suspected pigs of different age groups comprising weaners, growers and adult in four districts (Aizawl, Champhai, Kolasib and Serchhip) of Mizoram during February, 2018 to June, 2019. Seroprevalence of CSFV and PRRSV specific antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 420 samples, 117 samples were found positive for PRRSV, 171 samples for CSFV indicating a mean positivity of 27.86% and 40.48%. Presence of mixed infection was observed in 13.33% samples. The present study demonstrated the extensive circulation of classical swine fever virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus among domestic pig populations of Mizoram, India.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

Lalhruaipuii¹,

Shakuntala²,

Sen³

2020

JEB

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“…We confirmed another outbreak of CSF in Bangladesh. (Patil et al, 2018). India has about 11 million pigs, 40% of which are present in these states (Bett, Deka, Padmakumar, & Rajasekhar, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A further outbreak of classical swine fever in indigenous pigs in Kurigram district, Bangladesh

Chowdhuary¹,

Islam²,

Khair³

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Deaths of native scavenging pigs were reported in mid‐November 2015 at Nageswari sub‐district, Kurigram district of Bangladesh. The investigation for a suspected classical swine fever (CSF) outbreak was accomplished via a joint outbreak investigation team from Department of Livestock Services (DLS) and Food and Agriculture Organization, Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Disease (FAO‐ECTAD), Bangladesh. Out of 592 pigs, 396 were infected and among them 263 died. The attack rate and case fatality rate were 66.9% and 66.4%, respectively. The epidemic curve constructed using the data captured from the CSF outbreak site was nearly bell‐shaped, indicating a point source epidemic. The basic reproduction numbers (R0) were estimated to be 1.6 (95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–1.7) and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.7) based on attack rate and exponential growth rate methods, respectively. Adult pigs showed signs of high fever, staggering gait and depression, whereas piglets either died without any premonitory signs or purulent exudates in the eyes were observed. Post‐mortem examination was carried out on a 6‐month‐old piglet. The necropsy findings included were swollen lymph nodes deep red in colour, and haemorrhages on serous and mucous membranes of the intestinal organs together with button‐like ulceration in the intestines. Nasal swabs and tissue samples (spleen, lung and liver) were tested using real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and found to be positive for CSF virus. One‐step RT‐PCR was used to amplify 1,148 base pair of E2 gene in extracted RNA and was sequenced using standard Sanger's sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the virus as genotype 2.2 that clustered with CSF virus sequences from Bangladesh and India. This is only the second report of a CSF outbreak in Bangladesh. CSF appears to be an emerging transboundary disease in this country. A special programme for controlling swine diseases is needed since pigs are being reared by marginalized communities of Bangladesh to provide livelihoods and food security.

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“…The emergence of CSFV genotype 2 has already been documented in other countries like Europe, China, and Taiwan [ 14 , 17 , 23 ]. Although in India, to date, genotype 1.1 is most prevalent , analysis of genotype 2.2 has been done from a limited state only [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Therefore, the hypothesis of switching of prevalent genotypes needs further studies [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Phylogenetic and Sequence Analysis Of Indian Csfv Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although in India, to date, genotype 1.1 is most prevalent , analysis of genotype 2.2 has been done from a limited state only [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Therefore, the hypothesis of switching of prevalent genotypes needs further studies [ 26 , 27 ]. The analysis of archived sequences of Indian origin CSFV, partial or complete genome, also indicates the maximum prevalence of genotype 1.1.…”

Section: Phylogenetic and Sequence Analysis Of Indian Csfv Isolatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Classical Swine Fever Virus Biology, Clinicopathology, Diagnosis, Vaccines and a Meta-Analysis of Prevalence: A Review from the Indian Perspective

et al. 2020

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically significant, multi-systemic, highly contagious viral disease of swine world over. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) due to its enormous consequences on porcine health and the pig industry. In India, the pig population is 9.06 million and contributes around 1.7% of the total livestock population. The pig industry is not well organized and is mostly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern states of the country (~40% of the country’s population). Since the first suspected CSF outbreak in India during 1944, a large number of outbreaks have been reported across the country, and CSF has acquired an endemic status. As of date, there is a scarcity of comprehensive information on CSF from India. Therefore, in this review, we undertook a systematic review to compile and evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the CSF virus situation in the porcine population from India, targeting particular virus genes sequence analysis, published reports on prevalence, pathology, and updates on indigenous diagnostics and vaccines. The CSF virus (CSFV) is genetically diverse, and at least three phylogenetic groups are circulating throughout the world. In India, though genotype 1.1 predominates, recently published reports point toward increasing evidence of co-circulation of sub-genotype 2.2 followed by 2.1. Sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis of Indian CSFV reveal high genetic divergence among circulating strains. In the meta-analysis random-effects model, the estimated overall CSF prevalence was 35.4%, encompassing data from both antigen and antibody tests, and region-wise sub-group analysis indicated variable incidence from 25% in the southern to nearly 40% in the central zone, eastern, and northeastern regions. A country-wide immunization approach, along with other control measures, has been implemented to reduce the disease incidence and eliminate the virus in time to come.

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Meta-analysis of classical swine fever prevalence in pigs in India: A 5-year study

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

A further outbreak of classical swine fever in indigenous pigs in Kurigram district, Bangladesh

Classical Swine Fever Virus Biology, Clinicopathology, Diagnosis, Vaccines and a Meta-Analysis of Prevalence: A Review from the Indian Perspective

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