Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Risk with Obesity, Diabetes, and Related Disorders

Profenno, Louis A.; Porsteinsson, Anton P.; Faraone, Stephen V.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.013

Cited by 595 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In addition to the classical complications resulting from micro-and macroangiopathy, there are a number of effects of diabetes involving the central nervous system (CNS), including decline in cognitive function (1,2) and increased incidence of Alzheimer disease (3,4) and depression (5). Although some changes in CNS function may represent acute or chronic effects of hyper-or hypoglycemia on the brain or be related to underlying vascular disease, the mechanisms underlying many CNS disorders are still unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cholesterol Reduction on Receptor Signaling in Neurons

Fukui¹,

Ferris²,

Kahn

2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Cholesterol synthesis is decreased in the brain in diabetes. Results: Cholesterol depletion in neuron-derived cells results in impaired insulin/IGF-1 and neurotrophin signaling and altered apoptosis. Conclusion: Reduction of cellular cholesterol in diabetes causes defects in signal transduction and function in neuron-derived cells. Significance: Reduced brain cholesterol could contribute to the higher prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer disease in diabetes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cholesterol Reduction on Receptor Signaling in Neurons

Fukui¹,

Ferris²,

Kahn

2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…82 First, physical inactivity is associated with increased risk of several cardiovascular risk factors-such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity 83,84 -that in turn are associated with increased risk of dementia. 9,24 Second, physical activity appears to have a direct beneficial effect on brain structure and function in both animals and humans. {Cotman, 2007 #222; Voss, 2010 #673} As with mental activity, the benefits of physical activity may accrue over the lifecourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pooled results indicated that the association between obesity and AD was statistically significant (OR, 1.80; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.29), 35 which was confirmed in a more recent meta-analysis that included six studies on obesity and AD (RR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.48). 9 Similar to hypertension, there is evidence that the association between weight and AD may change with age. 36 A recent study that was not included in either of the meta-analyses above found that obesity in mid-life was associated with a significantly increased risk of dementia (HR, 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.87); however, in late-life, obesity was associated with reduced dementia risk (HR, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.91) while being underweight was associated with increased risk (HR, 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.64).…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

O3‐06‐06: The Projected impact of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence

Barnes

Yaffe

2011

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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There are currently approximately 33.9 million individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide, and prevalence is expected to triple over the next 40 years. The goal of this review was to summarize the evidence regarding seven potentially modifiable AD risk factors: diabetes, midlife hypertension, mid-life obesity, smoking, depression, low educational attainment and physical inactivity. In addition, we projected the impact of risk factor reduction on AD prevalence by calculating population attributable risks (PARs, the percent of cases attributable to a given factor) and the number of AD cases that could potentially be prevented by 10% and 25% risk factor reductions worldwide and in the US. Together, these factors contributed to up to half of AD cases globally (17.2 million) and in the US (2.9 million). A 10%-25% reduction in all seven risk factors could potentially prevent as many as 1.1-3.0 million cases worldwide and 184,000-492,000 cases in the US.

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“…Metabolic syndrome and DM are risk factors for dementia (Profenno et al 2010) and disruptions of zinc and glucose homeostasis may be related to a common pathological mechanism in these conditions. Low plasma zinc concentrations are found in DM patients, and zinc supplementation improved glycemic control among DM patients in double-blind placebo controlled trials (Jayawardena et al 2012).…”

Section: Zinc and Insulin Signaling In Diabetes Mellitus And Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and the aging brain

Nuttall

Oteiza

2013

Genes Nutr

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Alterations in trace element homeostasis could be involved in the pathology of dementia, and in particular of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Zinc is a structural or functional component of many proteins, being involved in numerous and relevant physiological functions. Zinc homeostasis is affected in the elderly, and current evidence points to alterations in the cellular and systemic distribution of zinc in AD. Although the association of zinc and other metals with AD pathology remains unclear, therapeutic approaches designed to restore trace element homeostasis are being tested in clinical trials. Not only could zinc supplementation potentially benefit individuals with AD, but zinc supplementation also improves glycemic control in the elderly suffering from diabetes mellitus. However, the findings that select genetic polymorphisms may alter an individual's zinc intake requirements should be taken into consideration when planning zinc supplementation. This review will focus on current knowledge regarding pathological and protective mechanisms involving brain zinc in AD to highlight areas where future research may enable development of new and improved therapies.

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Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Risk with Obesity, Diabetes, and Related Disorders

Cited by 595 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Cholesterol Reduction on Receptor Signaling in Neurons

Effect of Cholesterol Reduction on Receptor Signaling in Neurons

O3‐06‐06: The Projected impact of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence

Zinc and the aging brain

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