Meta-Analysis Investigating Associations Between Healthy Diet and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels and Modification by Loci Associated With Glucose Homeostasis in Data From 15 Cohorts

Nettleton, Jennifer A.; Hivert, Marie‐France; Lemaître, Rozenn N.; McKeown, Nicola M.; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Tanaka, Toshiko; Wojczynski, Mary K.; Hruby, Adela; Djoussé, Luc; Ngwa, Julius S.; Follis, Jack L.; Dimitriou, Maria; Ganna, Andrea; Houston, Denise K.; Kanoni, Stavroula; Mikkilä, Vera; Manichaikul, Ani; Ντάλλα, Ιωάννα; Renström, Frida; Sonestedt, Emily; Rooij, Frank J.A. van; Bandinelli, Stefania; Koning, Lawrence de; Ericson, Ulrika; Hassanali, Neelam; Jong, Jessica C. Kiefte-de; Lohman, Kurt; Raitakari, Olli T.; Papoutsakis, Constantina; Sjögren, Per; Stirrups, Kathleen; Ax, Erika; Deloukas, Panos; Groves, Christopher J.; Jacques, Paul F.; Johansson, Ingegerd; Liu, Yongmei; McCarthy, Mark I.; North, Kari E.; Viikari, Jorma; Zillikens, M. Carola; Dupuis, Josée; Hofman, Albert; Kolovou, Genovefa; Mukamal, Kenneth J.; Prokopenko, Inga; Rolandsson, Olov; Seppälä, Ilkka; Cupples, L. Adrienne; Hu, Frank B.; Kähönen, Mika; Uitterlinden, André G.; Borecki, Ingrid B.; Ferrucci, Luigi; Jacobs, David R.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Orho‐Melander, Marju; Pankow, James S.; Lehtimäki, Terho; Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.; Siscovick, David S.; Dedoussis, George; Meigs, James B.; Franks, Paul W.

doi:10.1093/aje/kws297

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A diet score that reflected healthy eating habits was calculated as previously described (32). Briefly, the daily intake frequency was calculated for 8 food and beverage groups.…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Tognon¹,

Shungin

Lissner³

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: A positive association between nonfermented milk intake and increased all-cause mortality was recently reported, but overall, the association between dairy intake and mortality is inconclusive. Objective: We studied associations between intake of dairy products and all-cause mortality with an emphasis on nonfermented milk and fat content. Design: A total of 103,256 adult participants (women: 51.0%) from Northern Sweden were included (7121 deaths; mean follow-up: 13.7 y). Associations between all-cause mortality and reported intakes of nonfermented milk (total or by fat content), fermented milk, cheese, and butter were tested with the use of Cox proportional hazards models that were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, education, energy intake, examination year, and physical activity. To circumvent confounding, Mendelian randomization was applied in a subsample via the lactase LCT-13910 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism that is associated with lactose tolerance and milk intake. Results: High consumers of nonfermented milk ($2.5 times/d) had a 32% increased hazard (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.48) for all-cause mortality compared with that of subjects who consumed milk #1 time/wk. The corresponding value for butter was 11% (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.21). All nonfermented milk-fat types were independently associated with increased HRs, but compared with full-fat milk, HRs were lower in consumers of medium-and low-fat milk. Fermented milk intake (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.94) and cheese intake (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96) were negatively associated with mortality. Results were slightly attenuated by lifestyle adjustments but were robust in sensitivity analyses. Mortality was not significantly associated with the LCT-13910 C/T genotype in the smaller subsample. The amount and type of milk intake was associated with lifestyle variables. Conclusions: In the present Swedish cohort study, intakes of nonfermented milk and butter are associated with higher all-cause mortality, and fermented milk and cheese intakes are associated with lower all-cause mortality. Residual confounding by lifestyle cannot be excluded, and Mendelian randomization needs to be examined in a larger sample.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:1502-11.

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“…A diet score that reflected healthy eating habits was calculated as previously described (32). Briefly, the daily intake frequency was calculated for 8 food and beverage groups.…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Tognon¹,

Shungin

Lissner³

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…19) for processed meat, after multivariate analyses [15]. A meta-analysis showed no interactions between dietary patterns and diabetes risk genetic loci on glucose and insulin levels [16], suggesting no individual genetic differences in susceptibility to the effect of diet on the risk of T2DM. However the association between red meat and diabetes may be confounded by other imperfectly measured or unmeasured lifestyle attributes.…”

Section: Meta-analyses Of Red and Processed Meat Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2015

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“…Nettleton JA et al 19 recently reported a meta-analysis investigating associations between healthy diet, fasting glucose, insulin levels, and genetic loci associated with glucose homeostasis. They utilized data from 15 USA and European cohort studies comprising 51,289 persons without diabetes to test whether genotype and diet interact to influence glucose or insulin concentration.…”

Section: Ideally Balanced Healthy Diet and Dietary Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Controversies around Carbohydrate Restriction and the Risk of High-Protein Diets

Watanabe¹

2016

Diabetes Res Open J

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CitationWatanabe S. Current controversies around carbohydrate restriction and the risk of high-protein diets. Diabetes Res Open J. 2015; 1(5): e7-e10. doi: 10.17140/DROJ-1-e003Copyright ©2015 Watanabe S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET AND FRUCTOSE-RICH CORN SYRUPRecently, a Low carbohydrate (LCH) diet has been recommended by many doctors to control hyperglycemia and overweight. Unlike a traditional calorie-restricted diet, a carbohydrate-restricted diet typically contains less than 15% of the total energy intake from carbohydrates and about 30% from proteins. High glycemic index carbohydrates are the only cause of the glucose spike, so the main benefit of a LCH diet is not to cause postprandial hyperglycemia, which is considered to be the most serious risk factor for arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients. Life With Diabetes 1 says that all absorbable carbohydrate foods turn to glucose in the blood, while fats and proteins do not, at least directly. Compared to a calorie-restricted diet, a carbohydrate-restricted diet accelerates fat metabolism yielding to ketogenic energy and helps gluconeogenesis in the liver, resulting in a more effective control of weight.The recent movie "That Sugar Film" seems to expose the dangers of eating sugar for the society. Inspired by "Super Size Me", the antecedent of "That Sugar Film", Gameau relates how he experienced on his own body for 60 days, and indulged in taking healthy foods containing sugar. The experiment caused fatty liver, an excess of 10 cm of visceral fat around his waist, mood swings, and metabolic changes which could lead to coronary disease. Gameau actually consumed the typical Australian amount of 40 teaspoons of sugar (160 g) a day, maintained physical exercise, took the same amount of kilojoules as in his usual diet, and only ate food items perceived to be healthy. The latter include cereal, smoothies, muesli bars, and low-fat yoghurt. For Gameau, the worst effects of the diet were on his cognition, mood and ability to concentrate.Food companies are convincing people that these foods might actually be good for them. At the same time, these products are replete with cheap additives, and premium prices are charged to make consumers believe that they are purchasing something healthy. In 2015, World Health Organization (WHO) recommended to reduce the intake of free sugars throughout the life course.2 For both adults and children, WHO recommends reducing the intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake. WHO suggests a further reduction of the intake of free sugars to below 5% of the total energy intake. However, the problem is not only caused by refined sugars, but also by syrup hidden in processed foods. The sweetness of fructose is 1.5 times stronger than sucrose. Because high fructose corn syrup is cheap and easy...

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Meta-Analysis Investigating Associations Between Healthy Diet and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels and Modification by Loci Associated With Glucose Homeostasis in Data From 15 Cohorts

Cited by 76 publications

References 44 publications

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

Nonfermented milk and other dairy products: associations with all-cause mortality,

A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Current Controversies around Carbohydrate Restriction and the Risk of High-Protein Diets

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