This paper aims to give a survey of recent assessment methods in spatial planning. The attention is focused on three classes of evaluation methods, viz. regime analysis, the flag model and rough set analysis. The various methods are discussed and their strengths and weaknesses are mutually compared. The paper is concluded with some retrospective and prospective remarks.
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The Changing Scene of AssessmentDecision-making in a complex space-economy is fraught with many difficulties, as is witnessed by an abundance of cases in regional policy, transport planning and environmental management. These difficulties can partly be ascribed to lack of information (imprecise and incomplete data, insufficient knowledge base on long-range issues etc.), but also partly to the multidimensional conflict nature of modern regional, urban, transportation and environmental issues. Such conflicts may concern the trade-offs between different policy objectives, different interests among stakeholders in the space-economy, different competencies of decision levels, etc. (see also Nijkamp et al. 1992).Conflict resolution is of course a political action, but presupposes proper knowledge on the pros and cons of alternative choice possibilities. From an economic perspective, this would imply that all foreseeable costs and benefits of a planned initiative would have to be assessed. But in a broader context, also the social, cultural, environmental and safety aspects would have to be considered, as is clearly witnessed by e.g. plans to build a Trans European Network (TEN) or to develop sustainable tourism areas.Policy analysis offers an assessment and evaluation framework in the public sector with the goal to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government decisions. In this sector in particular, a wide range of decisions is to be made without a clear reliance on the market system. This is partly caused by the nature of choices in the public sector (with emphasis on multi-actor democratic modes of decision-making) and partly by the complexity of government projects (with long-lasting and often uncertain implications). And it is indeed increasingly recognised that decisions based on market forces alone do not necessarily lead to optimal results. Structural market failures as well as unexpected external factors may require an efficient policy mechanism that is able to lay the foundation for an improvement of the actual socio-economic developments within a community or society (Rietveld and Bruinsma 1998). Clearly, the initiation of structural policies or the implementation of corrective measures is often not the responsibility of a single government agency, but rather may take place on several organisational levels ranging from local to supranational.In the past decades several methods have been developed and applied in policy analysis, in which a market evaluation played a prominent role. The most well-known example of such a market evaluation method is based on cost-benefit analysis (as an operational application of we...