Messungen der dynamischen Volumendehnbarkeit isolierter normaler menschlicher Lungen

Hartung, Wolfgang; Büttinghaus, K

doi:10.1159/000192542

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Peak flows during forced expiration are influenced also by lung capacity. This has been demonstrated both in the living sub ject and in isolated lungs [12,15]. In emphysema loss of elastic traction lowers the stability of the peripheral bronchi and leaves them more de pendent on transmural pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Distribution of Resistances in Artificially Ventilated Human Autopsy Lungs

Hartung¹,

Kissler²

1970

Respiration

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In artificially ventilated normal and diseased human lungs the distribution of resistances along the airways, between different parts of the lungs, and within emphysematous lesions has been measured and the percentages of elastic and non-elastic tissue and airway resistances calculated. Besides volume, flow, and pleural pressure within the respirator box up to three alveolar catheters, intrabronchial side and end pressure and tracheal catheters have been used to differentiate transpulmonary pressure into its components. Standard ventilation conditions for quiet breathing have been defined as FRC = 50 % TC (TC = V at p = 15 cm H₂O), breathing volume of about 10 % TC, and breathing frequency = 13-15/min which approximately equals in- and expiratory peak flow rates of about 0.2-0.3 1/sec/lung.Airway resistance was 1.57 (0.6-2.8) in normal and 18.43 (3.0-48.0) cm H₂O/l/sec/ lung in emphysematous lungs. Total resistance (Ppi-Pn·) could be differentiated into elastic resistance 72 %, airway resistance 16 %, and tissue resistance 12 %. In disease, particularly in bronchitis and emphysema, there was a marked change of these percentages with elastic resistance considerably lowered to a mean of 33 % and airway resistance increased to 38 %, in severe cases even up to 76 %. Tissue resistance was relatively high with mean values of about 40 % of non-elastic resistances.In normal lungs the directly measured alveolar pressures correspond at various sites, while in disease differences of regional alveolar pressures indicate inhomogeneity of resistances and ventilation. In emphysema three types of ‘closed’, ‘open’, and ‘half-open’ bullous lesions have been established. In half-open lesions the pressure levels lie between pleural and alveolar pressure of the surrounding lung tissue and thus may play a part in the formation of bullae. Moreover in emphysema the increase of airway resistance is caused mostly by the peripheral airways, but in some cases narrowing of the larger airways seems to play a part even in quiet or slightly reinforced breathing. In preparations of both lungs the resistance of the lower trachea limits flow, with the effect that the correction factor for airway resistance and dynamic compliance between one and both lungs is only 1.6 instead of 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This paper deals with lung mechanics under the conditions of quiet and moderately reinforced breathing. Standard artificial ventilation, as defined before [15] [12,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Resistances in Artificially Ventilated Human Autopsy Lungs

Hartung¹,

Kissler²

1970

Respiration

Self Cite

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“…functional residual capacity as 50% of total capacity (= volume at 15 cm H ,0 distending pressure), breathing volume as 10% of total capacity, and breathing frequency of 15/min [11].…”

Section: // Dynamical Values Resistance and Work Of Breathingmentioning

confidence: 99%