Messung der Geschossgeschwindigkeit mittels Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera

Schyma, Christian; Brünig, Julia; Müller, Rolf

doi:10.1007/s00194-017-0180-z

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The shots were recorded using a SA-X2 high-speed camera (Photron Europe Ltd., West Wycombe, UK) with 40,000 fps perpendicularly to the direction of fire. The target velocity (before penetration) and the rest velocity (behind the target) of the bullet were calculated from high-speed video (HSV) as published previously [12,13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic gelatine—what we see and what we get

Schyma

2019

Int J Legal Med

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Since decades, 10% gelatine is used to visualize and estimate the energy transfer of projectiles. The study performed investigates the correlation of the temporary cavity (TC) recorded by high-speed video (HSV) and the cracks in gelatine slices. A total of 36 shots were performed from distance using form-stable bullets (FMJ), 12 using deforming bullets (HP) in the calibres .32 auto, .38 special and 9 mm Luger. The target models were prepared according to Fackler's standard as 10% gelatine cubes with 12 cm edge length doped with a paint pad beneath the front cover ("reference cube"). Scaled images of the TC were recorded with 40.000 fps. The cubes were cut into 1-cm-thick gelatine cross sections, which were scanned. The evaluation of the destruction (cracks) was performed by the mean of image analysis measuring the longest crack, the wound profile according to Fackler and applying the polygon method. The height of the TC was measured each cm along the bullet path. The energy deposited ranged between 54 and 269 J. FMJ caused tubular, HP provoked pear-like TC. The tubular aspect was consistent with the quasi-constant deceleration of FMJ; however, the pear-like TC did not metrically represent the deceleration of HP. The profiles of destruction parameters were convex for both projectile types and did not match the profile of bullet deceleration. The maximum of TC stretching observed in HSV did not coincide with maximum gelatine destruction (crack lengths). The total energy transfer correlated with all considered destruction parameters in their sum; however, the cross-sectional parameters did not reflect the energy transfer per centimetre bullet path. The sum of the TC's heights correlated with the energy deposited, but differently for FMJ and HP. Obviously, the 12cm reference cube reflects the energy transfer by a bullet as a whole.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic gelatine—what we see and what we get

Schyma

2019

Int J Legal Med

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“…The procedure was analogous for table and sponge (identical product). To record the bullet velocity before and behind the target [19], a SA-X2 Fastcam (Photron, Wycombe, UK) was used at 40.000 fps, exposure time 10 μs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the counterfort while ballistic testing using gelatine blocks

et al. 2017

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In wound ballistic research, gelatine blocks of various dimensions are used depending on the simulated anatomical region. When relatively small blocks are used as substitute for a head, problems with regard to the expansion of the gelatine block could arise. The study was conducted to analyse the influence of the material the gelatine block is placed upon. Thirty-six shots were performed on 12 cm gelatine cubes doped with thin foil bags containing acrylic paint. Eighteen blocks each were placed on a rigid table or on a synthetic sponge of 5 cm height. Deforming bullets with different kinetic energies were fired from distance and recorded by a high-speed video camera. Subsequently, the gelatine cubes were cut into 1 cm thick slices which were scanned using a flatbed scanner. Cracks in the gelatine were analysed by measuring the longest crack, Fackler's wound profile and the polygon (perimeter and area) outlining the ends of the cracks. The energy dissipated ranged from 153 to 707 J. For moderate energy transfer, no significant influence of the sustaining material was discerned. With increasing dissipated energy, the sponge was compressed correspondingly, and the cracks were longer than in gelatine blocks which had been placed on a table. High-speed video revealed a loss of symmetry and a flattened inferior margin of the temporary cavity with energies superior to approx. Two hundred Joules when the blocks were placed on a rigid platform. However, 12 cm gelatine cubes showed material limits by a non-linear response when more than 400 J were dissipated for both rigid and elastic sustainment. In conclusion, the smaller the gelatine blocks and the greater the energy transfers, the more important it is to take into account the counterfort of the sustaining material.

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“…At the same time, high-speed video (HSV) showed the passage of the projectile and the formation of the temporary cavity (TC). HSV enables measurements of the bullet velocity [ 11 ] and its deceleration [ 12 ]. Previous studies illustrated the additional influence of muzzle gases on the TC in contact [ 13 ] or near contact shots [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of backspatter using high-speed video of experimental gunshots

Schyma

Baumann

Madea

et al. 2020

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Backspatter is biological material that is ejected from the entry wound against the line of fire. This phenomenon was also observed in wound ballistic simulations using so called "reference cubes" (12 cm edge length, 10% gelatin, 4 °C, paint pad beneath the cover). High-speed video records from 102 experimental shots to these target models using full metal jacketed bullets in the calibers .32 auto, .38 special, 9 mm Luger and .357 Magnum were analyzed for chronology, morphological appearance and velocity of fluid ejection. Generally, a short tail splashing of surface material occurred when the bullet was penetrating the target. In 51 shots from distance (≥ 5 cm), regardless of caliber and shot range, a linear jet of fluid started in connection with the first collapse of the temporary cavity. The initial velocity of the jet was measured between 6 and 45 m/s. The jet was streaming on for about 60 to 100 ms with a stochastic deviation of ± 13° to the horizontal. Close range and contact shots showed earlier and faster (up to 330 m/s) backspatter depending on the cartridge and the gap between muzzle and target. Gaseous aerosol-like spray and cone-like spatter indicated an increasing influence of muzzle gases with decreasing shot range. Even under standardized experimental conditions, variations of backspatter were observed in near/contact shots.

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Messung der Geschossgeschwindigkeit mittels Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Ballistic gelatine—what we see and what we get

Ballistic gelatine—what we see and what we get

The influence of the counterfort while ballistic testing using gelatine blocks

Study of backspatter using high-speed video of experimental gunshots

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