Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 1000m in the Arabian Sea: overall seasonal and geographic patterns, and relationship to oxygen gradients

Wishner, Karen F.; Gowing, Marcia M.; Gelfman, Celia

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(98)00078-2

Cited by 104 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The abundance and biomass of metazoans living permanently at extremely low oxygen concentrations < 0.6 mL L −1 are rather low (Auel and Verheye, 2007;Escribano et al, 2009;Fernández-Álamo and Färber-Lorda, 2006;Saltzmann and Wishner, 1997;Wishner et al, 1998), although animals have evolved physiological (such as metabolic suppression) and/or morphological adaptations (such as increased gill surface area) that allow them to cope temporarily or permanently with O 2 -depleted conditions (e.g., copepods such as Eucalanus inermis : Flint et al, 1991; euphausiids such as Euphausia mucronata : Antezana, 2009;decapods: Pearcy et al, 1977; cephalopods such as Dosidicus gigas: Rosa and Seibel, 2010;and teleosts: Friedman et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2000). According to Seibel (2011), adaptations to low oxygen levels are needed below approximately 40 µmol O 2 kg −1 .…”

Section: The Impact Of Zooplankton On Organic Matter Export and Reminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column biogeochemistry of oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical South Pacific oceans

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Recent modeling results suggest that oceanic oxygen levels will decrease significantly over the next decades to centuries in response to climate change and altered ocean circulation. Hence, the future ocean may experience major shifts in nutrient cycling triggered by the expansion and intensification of tropical oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), which are connected to the most productive upwelling systems in the ocean. There are numerous feedbacks among oxygen concentrations, nutrient cycling and biological productivity; however, existing knowledge is insufficient to understand physical, chemical and biological interactions in order to adequately assess past and potential future changes.In the following, we summarize one decade of research performed in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center 754 (SFB754) focusing on climate-biogeochemistry interactions in tropical OMZs. We investigated the influence of low environmental oxygen conditions on biogeochemical cycles, organic matter formation and remineralization, greenhouse gas production and the ecology in OMZ regions of the eastern tropical South Pacific compared to the weaker OMZ of the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Based on our findings, a coupling of primary production and organic matter export via the nitrogen cycle is proposed, which may, however, be impacted by several additional factors, e.g., micronutrients, particles acting as microniches, vertical and horizontal transport of organic material and the role of zooplankton and viruses therein.

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Section: The Impact Of Zooplankton On Organic Matter Export and Reminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column biogeochemistry of oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical South Pacific oceans

et al. 2016

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“…In the central and eastern Arabian Sea, however, suboxic waters with oxygen concentrations less than 4.5 μM have been observed between 200 and 1000 m depth. In this depth region, oxygen becomes limiting for many higher organisms, and except for vertical migrators, mesozooplankton populations are confined to the well-oxygenated surface layers (Wishner et al, 1998). We therefore applied a formulation for particle breakup below the seasonal boundary layer, that takes into account the actual particle size distribution, rather than introducing additional zooplankton populations (see Appendix B).…”

Section: Remineralization and Disaggregation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles

Barkmann

Schäfer-Neth

Balzer

2010

Journal of Marine Systems

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A one-dimensional model "ADAM" is presented that allows the prognostic computation of the interactions between mineral particles (dust) and biologically formed aggregates. The model couples a 7-compartment biogeochemical component (NO 3 , NH 4 , phytoplankton aggregates, zooplankton, detritus, carbon, and chlorophyll) and a 4-compartment component for the tracing of mineral particles: single free particles in the water, particles aggregated with phytoplankton, incorporated in zooplankton, and attached to detritus. It resolves both annual and daily cycles of plankton and the fate of dust from eolian import into the ocean via biological activity, aggregation and disaggregation to sedimentation at the sea floor. The model results suggest that particle scavenging is essentially occurring in the mixed layer, where biological activity and shear aggregation regulate the formation of the aggregates. The aggregates interact intensively with the suspended pool of dust particles, and sink through the upper main thermocline with increasing speed. Particle break up and organic matter degradation are important mechanisms for particle cycling in the intermediate and deeper layers. The model predicts an 80% decrease of the annual carbon flux between 100 m and 3000 m depth. The vertical profile of Al-contents in suspended particulates and the annual average vertical flux of particulate organic matter are fairly well reproduced by the model, as well as the seasonal cycles of carbon and dust fluxes in the ocean interior.

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“…Nevertheless, a diverse community of microeukaryotes and even larger taxa (such as zooplankton) can potentially adapt to oxygen limitation and therefore play important roles in OMZ ecology. For example, vertically-migrating crustacean, zooplankton, chaetognaths and even fish can seek temporary refuge from predation in low-oxygen regions of OMZs (Wishner et al, 1998(Wishner et al, , 2013Escribano et al, 2009). In addition, diverse communities of phagotrophic and parasitic protists are described from oxygen-depleted and anoxic water columns, many of which exhibit complex relationships with prokaryotes (Lin et al, 2007;Edgcomb et al, 2011;Orsi et al, 2011Orsi et al, , 2012Wright et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Protist Grazing Below the Photic Zone Emphasizing Studies of Oxygen-Depleted Water Columns and Recent Applications of In situ Approaches

et al. 2017

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Little is still known of the impacts of protist grazing on bacterioplankton communities in the dark ocean. Furthermore, the accuracy of assessments of in situ microbial activities, including protist grazing, can be affected by sampling artifacts introduced during sample retrieval and downstream manipulations. Potential artifacts may be increased when working with deep-sea samples or samples from chemically unique water columns such as oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). OMZs are oxygen-depleted regions in the ocean, where oxygen concentrations can drop to <20 µM. These regions are typically located near eastern boundary upwelling systems and currently occur in waters occupying below about 8% of total ocean surface area, representing ∼1% of the ocean's volume. OMZs have a profound impact not only on the distribution of marine Metazoa, but also on the composition and activities of microbial communities at the base of marine food webs. Here we present an overview of current knowledge of protist phagotrophy below the photic zone, emphasizing studies of oxygen-depleted waters and presenting results of the first attempt to implement new technology for conducting these incubation studies completely in situ (the Microbial Sampling-Submersible Incubation Device, MS-SID). We performed 24-h incubation experiments in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ. This preliminary study shows that up to 28% of bacterial biomass may be consumed by protists in waters where oxygen concentrations were down to ∼4.8 µM and up to 13% at a station with nitrite accumulation where oxygen concentrations were undetectable. Results also show that shipboard measurements of grazing rates were lower than rates measured from the same water using the MS-SID, suggesting that in situ experiments help to minimize artifacts that may be introduced when conducting incubation studies using waters collected from below the photic zone, particularly from oxygen-depleted regions of the water column.

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Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 1000m in the Arabian Sea: overall seasonal and geographic patterns, and relationship to oxygen gradients

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Water column biogeochemistry of oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical South Pacific oceans

Water column biogeochemistry of oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical North Atlantic and eastern tropical South Pacific oceans

Modelling aggregate formation and sedimentation of organic and mineral particles

A Review of Protist Grazing Below the Photic Zone Emphasizing Studies of Oxygen-Depleted Water Columns and Recent Applications of In situ Approaches

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