Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models

Sarmiento-Rojas, L.F.; Wess, J.D. Van; Cloetingh, S.

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.003

Cited by 191 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…And additionally found that most of these transitions follow the depositional model, although some random facies could indicate sudden events such as storms. The purpose of this research is to use Markov Chains to confirm the patterns of repetition found in the Guaduas formation by other authors using standard lithofacies analyses (Sarmiento, 1994;Amaya, 2009;Amaya et al, 2010). Amaya et al (2010) described and reviewed 10 stratigraphic sections in outcrops and cores, and found 12 lithofacies that helped to establish four depositional systems ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The formation presents a systematic thinning to the north and to the east. In the southwest, its thickness can reach 1100 m (Checua-Lenguazaque Syncline), to the north 250-400 m, and to the east 80 m (Sarmiento, 1994;Cooper et al, 1995;Amaya et al, 2010: Duarte y Mariño, 2000. The Guadalupe group, Chipaque formation, and Une formation underlie the Guaduas formation, and the Cacho or Socha sandstone overlies the Guaduas.…”

Section: Geologic Setting Of the Guaduas Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This barrier controlled deposition during the lower Cretaceous, with the accumulation of marine shallow facies mainly (Fabre, 1983), to the south, these sub-basins merged as the Cundinamarca sub-basin, where the cretaceous sequence reaches maximum thickness (Sarmiento-Rojas et al, 2006). The sub-basins Tablazo and Cocuy combined as one basin during Hauterivian due to the flooding of the Santander-Floresta High (Fabre, 1983).…”

Section: Geologic Setting Of the Guaduas Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to certain authors, the cyclic patterns found in this formation allow the use of statistical methods. Sarmiento (1994) identified the repetition of transitional environments during the transition between the Cretaceous sea invasion and the early Tertiary with its transitional deposits, and in 2010 Amaya et al (2010) found a prevalent muddy composition with some key sandstones (guias) and coal beds, in which such coal beds are interbedded with mudstone and sandstone in a pattern beginning with tidal deposits followed by coastal deposits (such as lagoons) and lastly fluvial deposits. Markov Chains statistical analyses have been used by several authors to differentiate geological processes and construct facies models based on transition frequency (Harper, 1984) and can also be used to determine which lithofacies are generally found above or below other lithofacies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithofacies cyclicity determination in the guaduas formation (Colombia) using Markov chains

Martínez

Amaya

2016

Earth sci. res. j.

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Statistical embedded MarkovChain processes were used to analyze facies transitions and to determine the stacking pattern of the lithofacies of the Guaduas formation. Twelve Lithofacies were found and characterized based on lithology and sedimentary structures in four stratigraphic sections. The findings were compared with a previous assemblage of lithofacies, interpretations of sedimentary environments, and depositional systems.As a result, four depositional Systems were established. Through the statistical analyses of facies transitions it was found that tidal facies are prevalent in the Socota section, more specifically in the upper part. Whereas in the Sogamoso, Umbita and Peñas de Sutatausa sections, fluvial facies are prevalent in the upper part of the sections, and follow a regressive sequence with more continental deposits around the upper part of the sections. For each of these sections the Markov Chain transition matrices illustrate a strong interaction between tidal facies and fluvial facies, especially in the Peñas de Sutatausa matrix, where facies 6, made up of tidal deposits, appears several times. From the facies model and Markov Chain analyses, it is evident that the Guaduas formation is a cyclic sequence in which the Markov facies repetitions are consistent with the lithofacies analyses conducted in previous stratigraphic studies. The results reveal that the Markov Chain statistical process can be used to predict stratigraphy in order to correlate contiguous geologically unexplored areas in the Guaduas formation, where much work relating the correlation and the continuity of coal beds has yet to be done.Se utilizaron los procesos estadísticos de las cadenas de Markov para analizar las transiciones de facies y para determinar el patrón de apilamiento de las litofacies de la formación Guaduas. Se encontraron y caracterizaron doce litofacies en cuatro secciones estratigráficas según litología y estructuras sedimentarias. Los resultados fueron comparados con un ensamblaje anterior de litofacies, interpretación de ambientes sedimentarios y sistemas deposicionales. Como resultado, se establecieron cuatro sistemas deposicionales. A través de los análisis estadísticos de las transiciones de la facies se encontró que la facies de marea son frecuentes en la sección de Socotá, más concretamente en la parte superior. Mientras que en las secciones de Sogamoso, Umbita y Peñas de Sutatausa, las facies fluviales son frecuentes en la parte superior de las secciones y siguen una secuencia regresiva con depósitos continentales hacia la parte superior de las secciones. Para cada una de estas secciones, las matrices de las cadenas de Markov presentan una fuerte interacción entre facies mareales y facies fluviales, especialmente en la matriz de Penas de Sutatausa, donde la facie 6, compuesta de depósitos mareales, aparece varias veces. A partir de los análisis de facies y de las cadenas de Markov, es evidente que la formación Guaduas es una secuencia cíclica en la que las repeticiones de facies de Markov son consisten...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Geologic Setting Of the Guaduas Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologic Setting Of the Guaduas Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lithofacies cyclicity determination in the guaduas formation (Colombia) using Markov chains

Martínez

Amaya

2016

Earth sci. res. j.

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“…Inconformes a ese basamento, se encuentran rocas sedimentarias en cinturones plegados continentales del Jurásico y depósitos marinos del Cretácico, superpuestas por cuencas foreland presevadas en sinclinales del Paleoceno al Oligoceno (Ramirez-Arias et al, 2012). La Cordillera Oriental está conformada por rocas que evidencian distintos procesos de acumulación y levantamiento: la sedimentación marina y no marina durante la extensión Mesozoica evidenciada en la cuenca graben del Triásico -Jurásico y una cuenca backarc durante el Tithoniano-Necomiano hasta el Maastrichtiano (Sarmiento-Rojas et al, 2006;Kammer y Sánchez, 2006); y el acortamiento Cenozoico producto de convergencia oblicua de las placas Suramericana, Nazca y Caribe evidenciado en múltiples fases de deformación compresional asociadas a tectónica de piel gruesa y delgada que inicia en el Cretácico tardío (Acosta et al, 2004;Saylor et al, 2012;Bayona et al, 2013) y tiene su mayor actividad en el Plioceno-Pleistoceno.…”

Section: Marco Geológico: Cordillera Orientalunclassified

Zonas Transversales en El Dominio Axial De La Cordillera Oriental - Bloque Yacente De La Falla De Soapaga (Sátiva Sur - Sátiva Norte, Boyacá)

et al. 2017

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Paleomagnetism and magnetic fabric of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Evidence for oblique convergence and nonrotational reactivation of a Mesozoic intracontinental rift

et al. 2014

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We report the paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric results of 58 sites from Cretaceous-Miocene marine and continental strata from the Eastern Cordillera (EC) and the Cucuta zone, at the junction between the Santander Massif and the Merida Andes of Colombia. The EC is an intracontinental doubly vergent range inverting a Triassic to Early Cretaceous rift zone. Twenty-three sites reveal nonsystematic tectonic rotations, including unrotated areas of the EC range with respect to stable South America. Our data show that the EC inverted a NNE oriented rift zone and that the orientation of the Mesozoic rift and the mountain chain roughly correspond. Interestingly, magnetic lineations from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis do not trend parallel to the chain but rather are oblique to the main orogenic trend. By also considering GPS evidence of a~1 cm/yr ENE displacement of central western Colombia accommodated by the EC, we suggest that the Miocene-Recent deformation event of this belt arises from ENE oblique convergence reactivating a NNE oriented rift zone. Oblique shortening was likely partitioned into pure dip-slip shear characterizing thick-skinned frontal thrust sheets (well known along both chain fronts) and by range-parallel right-lateral strike-slip faults, which have not been identified yet, but likely exist in the axial part of the EC. Finally, the 35°± 9°clockwise rotation observed in four post-Miocene magnetically overprinted sites from the Cucuta zone reflects late Cenozoic and ongoing right-lateral strike-slip displacement occurring along faults parallel to the Boconó fault system, possibly connected with the right-lateral faults inferred to exist along the axial part of the EC.

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Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models

Cited by 191 publications

References 43 publications

Lithofacies cyclicity determination in the guaduas formation (Colombia) using Markov chains

Lithofacies cyclicity determination in the guaduas formation (Colombia) using Markov chains

Zonas Transversales en El Dominio Axial De La Cordillera Oriental - Bloque Yacente De La Falla De Soapaga (Sátiva Sur - Sátiva Norte, Boyacá)

Paleomagnetism and magnetic fabric of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Evidence for oblique convergence and nonrotational reactivation of a Mesozoic intracontinental rift

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