Mesostructured silica for the reinforcement and toughening of rubbery and glassy epoxy polymers

Jiao, Jian; Sun, Xiaofeng; Pinnavaia, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.042

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Mesoporous forms of silica based on an amine surfactant as the structure-directing porogen were prepared and used as reinforcing and toughening agents for epoxy polymers. 199 The material obtained from sodium silicate showed smaller framework pore sizes (4-5 nm) comparing with TEOS-based silica (6-21 nm) and provided exceptional strength and toughness.…”

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confidence: 93%

Silicic acid condensation under the influence of water-soluble polymers: from biology to new materials

et al. 2017

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Silicon is among the most abundant elements on the Earth. It occurs in many minerals and plays an important role in several biochemical processes. Some living organisms use silicon dioxide as a substrate for building elements of their bodies. Unicellular diatom algae build frustules from silicon dioxide. The skeleton of siliceous sponges is a silicaprotein composite. Similarly, rice hulls which protect seeds, contain silica as an important component. The living organisms assimilate silicon from the environment in the form of silicic acid. However, the biochemical mechanisms involved in the transformation of silicic acid to solid siliceous materials are still poorly understood.Evidently, condensation of silicic acid in the living organisms proceeds under control of biopolymers and it is important to know how various types of polymers influence the condensation. Bio-inspired chemistry involving the interaction between polymeric silicic acid and functional polymers results in interesting composite materials, including nanoparticles and bulk materials. This review contains a brief description of the mechanism of silicic acid condensation in aqueous medium and also includes a discussion on various precursors of silicic acid. The main focus of the review is on the influence of polymers bearing nitrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups on silicic acid condensation starting from monomer to three-dimensional polymer. Influence of molecular weight of the organic polymer on the condensation and structure of the resulting product is also elaborated. The biological importance of the obtained data and strategies for novel applications of the synthesized composite materials are described in the concluding section of the review. The biomimetic condensation processes open up new vistas for development of novel materials and applications in the biomedical and process industries.

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confidence: 93%

Silicic acid condensation under the influence of water-soluble polymers: from biology to new materials

et al. 2017

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“…The increase in impact strength could be attributed to the presence of flexible chains in the backbone of the Cardolite NC‐514, which can absorb an appreciable amount of energy under the impact . A moderate increase in the tensile strength of the composites with Cardolite NC‐514 may be due to the rotational motion around the flexible CH 2 groups and shear yielding, which may result into strain hardening . On the contrary, in the case of novolac epoxy composites with Cardolite NC‐547, the tensile strength decreased from 71.5 MPa (neat epoxy composite) to 63.6 MPa (with 30 wt % Cardolite NC‐547).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening of epoxy novolac resin using cardanol based flexibilizers

Gour

Kodgire

Badiger

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, two different cardanol based epoxies (Cardolite NC‐514 and Cardanol NC‐547) were employed as flexibilizers to toughen an epoxy novolac resin namely, poly[(phenylglycidyl ether)‐co‐formaldehyde] (PPGEF). 4,4′‐Diamino‐3,3′‐dimethyl dicyclohexyl methane (BMCHA) was used as a curing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of the composites showed a gradual decrease in glass transition temperatures (Tg) with increase in cardolite content confirming the incorporation of flexible moieties into the brittle resin matrix. Improvement in toughening of PPGEF/Cardolite composites was manifested by increase in the izod impact strength of both the composites. The tensile strength increased marginally for composites with increasing amount of Cardolite NC‐514 but decreased for the composites containing Cardolite NC‐547. This was attributed to the lack of rotational motion in the chain due to close proximity of rigid phenyl rings in NC‐547. SEM of the cryo‐fractured surfaces of composites showed good compatibility between PPGEF and cardanol based flexibilizers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43318.

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“…They are frequently used in demanding applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and chemical resistance. Furthermore, they also have good resistance to moisture, solvents and chemical attacks [1,2]. However, their brittleness, poor resistance to crack propagation and poor wear resistance [3,4] limit their applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites by mixing thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy grafted graphene oxide

Qi¹,

Lu²,

Xiao³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

108

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Abstract. Graphene oxide (GO) sheets were chemically grafted with thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy (TLCP). Then we fabricated composites using TLCP-g-GO as reinforcing filler. The mechanical properties and thermal properties of composites were systematically investigated. It is found that the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites are enhanced effectively by the addition of fillers. For instance, the composites containing 1.0 wt% of TLCP-g-GO present impact strength of 51.43 kJ/m 2 , the tensile strength of composites increase from 55.43 to 80.85 MPa, the flexural modulus of the composites increase by more than 48%. Furthermore, the incorporation of fillers is effective to improve the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the composites. Therefore, the presence of the TLCP-g-GO in the epoxy matrix could make epoxy not only stronger but also tougher.

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Mesostructured silica for the reinforcement and toughening of rubbery and glassy epoxy polymers

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Silicic acid condensation under the influence of water-soluble polymers: from biology to new materials

Silicic acid condensation under the influence of water-soluble polymers: from biology to new materials

Toughening of epoxy novolac resin using cardanol based flexibilizers

Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites by mixing thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy grafted graphene oxide

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