Mesostructured natural rubber/in situ formed silica nanocomposites: A simple way to prepare mesoporous silica with hydrophobic properties

Nuntang, Sakdinun; Yousatit, Satit; Chaowamalee, Supphathee; Yokoi, Toshiyuki; Tatsumi, Takashi; Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.09.031

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, the representative Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of this MCS sample (Fig. 5e) showed conventional uniform wormhole-like mesopores, as observed for HMS materials [16][17][18] .…”

Section: Structural and Textural Properties Of Mcs Materialsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The presence of rubber in the NR/HMS precursor was confirmed by FT-IR bands related to C-H stretching (2,800-3,000 cm −1 ) and C-H deformation vibrations (1,370 cm −1 and 1,430 cm −1 ) 16 , the 13 C-NMR spectrum showed chemical shifts at 23,27,33,127, and 136 ppm, which were attributed to -CH 3 , -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -, =CH-, and > C=, respectively [39][40][41] , of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) in the NR structure. Compared to pure silica HMS, the presence of rubber in NR/HMS decreased the free silanol band (3,750 cm −1 ) because some remnant ethoxy groups remained in the silicate framework 16,17 . The carbonization at 350-450 °C restored silanol groups, while the characteristic bands of NR gradually decreased with an increase in temperature.…”

Section: Effect Of Carbonization Temperatures On Mcs Formationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The presence of rubber incorporated into the HMS structure enhanced the wall thickness (W t ) of NR/HMS (Table 1) but hampered the hexagonal ordering of mesoporous structure [16][17][18] . Moreover, the higher content of isolated silanol sites (Q 3 ) in NR/HMS www.nature.com/scientificreports/ than in HMS indicated that rubber molecules present in the synthesis mixture lowered the degree of silicate condensation 17 . An increase in the carbonization temperature up to 450 °C increased the (001) reflection and led to reduced W t and contraction of hexagonal unit cell (a 0 ) of MCS nanocomposites.…”

Section: Structural and Textural Properties Of Mcs Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesoporous nanocomposites comprised of natural rubber (NR), as a hydrophobicity improver, dispersed in the wormhole-like mesostructure of hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) have been previously synthesized by an in situ sol-gel process using dodecylamine (DDA) as organic template [16][17][18] . The NR/HMS materials exhibited good structural and textural properties (high specific surface area and large pore volume) owing to the well-dispersed rubber phase in mesostructured silica 16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of NR/HMS, which represented the C=C bond (282.9 eV) and C-C/C-H bonds (284.8 eV)17 . The C-O/C-O-C bonds (285.8 eV) and C=O bond (287.2 eV) were the surface functional groups formed by the oxidative cleavage of NR chains during storage48 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Natural rubber as a renewable carbon source for mesoporous carbon/silica nanocomposites

Yousatit

Pitayachinchot

Wijitrat

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This study is the first report on the preparation of mesoporous carbon/silica (MCS) nanocomposites with tunable mesoporosity and hydrophobicity using natural rubber (NR) as a renewable and cheap carbon source. A series of mesoporous nanocomposites based on NR and hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) were prepared via an in situ sol-gel process and used as precursors; then, they were converted into MCS materials by controlled carbonization. The NR/HMS precursors exhibited a high dispersion of rubber phase incorporated into the mesostructured silica framework as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An increase in the carbonization temperature up to 700 °C resulted in MCS nanocomposites with a well-ordered mesostructure and uniform framework-confined wormhole-like channels. The NR/HMS nanocomposites possessed high specific surface area (500-675 m 2 g −1) and large pore volume (1.14-1.44 cm 3 g −1). The carbon content of MCS (3.0-16.1 wt%) was increased with an increase in the H 2 So 4 concentration. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the high dispersion of graphene oxidelike carbonaceous moieties in MCS materials; the type and amount of oxygen-containing groups in obtained MCS materials were determined by H 2 So 4 concentration. The enhanced hydrophobicity of MCS nanocomposites was related to the carbon content and the depletion of surface silanol groups, as confirmed by the water sorption measurement. The study on the controlled release of diclofenac in simulated gastrointestinal environment suggests a potential application of MCS materials as drug carriers. Mesoporous carbon/silica nanocomposites (MCS) have received considerable attention in catalysis 1 , adsorption 2 , energy storage 3,4 , and drug delivery 5 owing to the combined advantages of inorganic silica and organic carbon in their mesostructure. Silica framework provides high mesoporosity, specific surface area, and thermal/mechanical stability. Due to the high density of silanol groups, the silica surface can be simply modified by either direct co-condensation or postsynthesis grafting to acquire various chemically active functionalities to serve a wide range of applications 6,7. However, amorphous carbon is characterized by its tunable physicochemical properties by controlling the ratio of sp 2 /sp 3 bonds and quantity of heteroatoms (i.e., oxygen) 8,9. The oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon surface provide acidic (i.e., carboxyl, lactone, and phenol) and basic (i.e., pyrone, chromene, ether, and carbonyl) properties 10. An increase in the amount of sp 2-hybridized carbon transforms amorphous carbon into graphite-like carbon with enhanced textural properties and chemical reactivity 11,12. Typically, the preparation of MCS materials consists of two steps. The first step is to introduce an organic substance (e.g., glucose, furfuryl alcohol, phenol, and formaldehyde) as a carbon source into mesostructured silica. Then, the organic substance is converted to ...

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Section: Structural and Textural Properties Of Mcs Materialsmentioning

confidence: 57%