Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Liu, Guiping; Janches, Diego; Ma, Jun; Lieberman, R. S.; Stober, Gunter; Moffat‐Griffin, Tracy; Mitchell, N. J.; Kim, Jeong‐Han; Lee, Chang-Sup; Murphy, D. J.

doi:10.1029/2021ja030177

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, SSW variations, while still present, are considerably smoothed in MIGHTI/ICON tidal diagnostics. Data assimilation in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere, that is, from systems like the Navy Global Environmental Model–High Altitude (NAVGEM–HA), can partly mitigate this challenge and provide realistic day‐to‐day tidal variations close to the E‐region during SSW (Lieberman et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2022). Space‐based global‐scale wave diagnostics in the ionosphere in response to a SSW has been limited to planetary wave periods (e.g., Yamazaki et al., 2020, and others) due to the inherent limitations of single satellites or small constellations with insufficient local time resolution to diagnose the ionospheric tides on sub‐monthly time scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Day‐to‐Day Variability of the Semidiurnal Tide in the F‐Region Ionosphere During the January 2021 SSW From COSMIC‐2 and ICON

Oberheide

2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Much work has been done in the past decade to study the response of the low latitude ionosphere to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs), that is, a temporary break-up of the polar vortex in the stratosphere, which itself is a result of polar jet stream wobbles caused by Rossby waves. SSW related strato-/mesospheric wind and temperature changes cause a resonant amplification of the lunar semidiurnal migrating tide (M2, 12.42 hr) because of the atmospheric Pekeris mode (Forbes & Zhang, 2012), and a solar semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2, 12 hr) enhancement due to stationary planetary wave interactions (e.g., Sathishkumar & Sridharan, 2013, and others) and changes in the tidal propagation and ozone forcing of SW2 (e.g., Jin et al., 2012, and others). The pioneering work by Goncharenko et al. (2010) showed that these semidiurnal enhancements substantially modify the low latitude F-region ionosphere, mainly through tidally driven E-region dynamo changes with resulting mapping of polarization electric fields into the F-region and vertical plasma drifts. SSWs also change the mean state of the thermosphere, that is, in thermospheric composition. Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) simulations by Yamazaki and Richmond (2013) hypothesized that enhanced tides cause more wave breaking in the lower thermosphere, thus setting up an upward/poleward two-cell circulation in the lower thermosphere that depletes atomic oxygen. Molecular diffusion then propagates the depleted atomic oxygen throughout the whole thermosphere, causing a roughly 20% reduction of daytime mean O/N 2 column densities. This was recently confirmed by Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations made during the 2019 SSW (Oberheide et al., 2020).An outstanding science challenge in researching the SSW impact on the upper atmosphere is the lack of suitable global observations that allow one to resolve the tidal winds in the E-region dynamo on a daily basis, that is, the "tidal weather." Single satellite tidal wind diagnostics such as from the TIMED Doppler Interferometer on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite (TIDI/TIMED)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Day‐to‐Day Variability of the Semidiurnal Tide in the F‐Region Ionosphere During the January 2021 SSW From COSMIC‐2 and ICON

Oberheide

2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…These SSW-induced wind and temperature disturbances in the stratosphere and mesosphere lead to enhancements in the solar semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2, 12-hr period and westward zonal wave number s = 2) and other non-migrating tidal components (e.g., Chang et al, 2009;Pancheva et al, 2009; N. M. Pedatella et al, 2012; N. M. Pedatella & Liu, 2013) due to nonlinear interactions with stationary planetary waves (e.g., H. L. Sathishkumar & Sridharan, 2013), changes in the tidal propagation conditions (e.g., Jin et al, 2012) and stratospheric ozone distribution (e.g., Goncharenko et al, 2012;Siddiqui et al, 2019). SSWs can also lead to resonant amplification of the lunar semidiurnal migrating tide (M2, 12.42-hr period) because of the atmospheric Pekeris mode (Forbes & Zhang, 2012;G. Liu et al, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct Observational Evidence of Altered Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Mean Circulation From a Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Gasperini¹,

Jones

Harding

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are global-scale meteorological events driven by the dissipation of vertically propagating planetary waves originating in the troposphere (Butler et al., 2015;Matsuno, 1971). SSW events are characterized based on the changes that occur in the stratosphere, including a rapid increase in polar temperatures and deceleration of the zonal mean zonal winds. A SSW is classified as a major SSW if the zonal mean zonal winds at 60°N and 10 hPa reverse from eastward to westward (e.g., Charlton & Polvani, 2007). SSWs lead to significant disturbances in the whole atmosphere (Stening, 1977), producing remarkable changes in composition, dynamics, and electrodynamics of the whole ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system, pole-to-pole, as demonstrated by a number of modeling and observational studies (e.g.,

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“…The spectrum of waves that enters the upper atmosphere can be quite different during SSWs (e.g., Lieberman et al, 2022;G. Liu et al, 2022;Oberheide, 2022;Yiğit & Medvedev, 2016;and many others).…”

Section: Tie-gcm Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Nighttime Ionospheric Depletions Associated With Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the American Sector

et al. 2023

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This study focuses on understanding what drives the previously observed deep nighttime ionospheric hole in the American sector during the January 2013 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). Performing a set of numerical experiments with the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) constrained by a high‐altitude version of the Navy Global Environmental Model, we demonstrate that this nighttime ionospheric hole was the result of increased poleward and down magnetic field line plasma motion at low and midlatitudes in response to altered F‐region neutral meridional winds. Thermospheric meridional wind modifications that produced this nighttime depletion resulted from the well‐known enhancements in semidiurnal tidal amplitudes associated with stratospheric warming (SSWs) in the upper mesosphere and thermosphere. Investigations into other deep nighttime ionospheric depletions and their cause were also considered. Measurements of total electron content from Global Navigation Satellite System receivers and additional constrained TIME‐GCM simulations showed that nighttime ionospheric depletions were also observed on several nights during the January‐February 2010 SSW, which resulted from the same forcing mechanisms as those observed in January 2013. Lastly, the recent January 2021 SSW was examined using Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, COSMIC‐2 Global Ionospheric Specification electron density, and ICON Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging horizontal wind data and revealed a deep nighttime ionospheric depletion in the American sector was likely driven by modified meridional winds in the thermosphere. The results shown herein highlight the importance of thermospheric winds in driving nighttime ionospheric variability over a wide latitude range.

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Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Winds and Tidal Variations During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Day‐to‐Day Variability of the Semidiurnal Tide in the F‐Region Ionosphere During the January 2021 SSW From COSMIC‐2 and ICON

Day‐to‐Day Variability of the Semidiurnal Tide in the F‐Region Ionosphere During the January 2021 SSW From COSMIC‐2 and ICON

Direct Observational Evidence of Altered Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Mean Circulation From a Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Understanding Nighttime Ionospheric Depletions Associated With Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the American Sector

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