Mesoscopic Mechanical Analysis of Filled Elastomer with 3D-Finite Element Analysis and Transmission Electron Microtomography

Akutagawa, Keizo; Yamaguchi, Ken; Yamamoto, Atsushi; Heguri, Hisashi; Jinnai, Hiroshi; Shinbori, Yuki

doi:10.5254/1.3548203

Cited by 65 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…When the applied global strain was 0.2, the maximum local strain was found to be about 0.7, which is more than three-times the applied strain. This agrees with the three-to 13-fold strain localization observed in the experiments [398,399]. However, the current studies on damage and strain softening phenomena are mostly limited to continuum modeling [32,333,395,400,401].…”

Section: Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Viscoplasticity and Damagesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, they are also expected to be extendable to the systematic coarse-graining models or the multiple-scale-bridging methods to investigate the viscoplastic deformation mechanisms of polymer glasses. When a pre-cracked particle-reinforced elastomer specimen with a 4 × 5 mm 2 cross-section was loaded in tension, Akutagawa et al [398] found a highly localized strain region near the crack tip in a roughly circular area with diameter 0.5 mm. They utilized 3D transmission electron microtomography to extract a digital data set and reconstructed the microstructure of filler networks, as shown in Figure 28a.…”

Section: Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Viscoplasticity and Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Dynamics

et al. 2013

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The mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials originate from the interplay of phenomena at different spatial and temporal scales. As such, it is necessary to adopt multiscale techniques when modeling polymeric materials in order to account for all important mechanisms. Over the past two decades, a number of different multiscale computational techniques have been developed that can be divided into three categories: (i) coarse-graining methods for generic polymers; (ii) systematic coarse-graining methods and (iii) multiple-scale-bridging methods. In this work, we discuss and compare eleven different multiscale computational techniques falling under these categories and assess them critically according to their ability to provide a rigorous link between polymer chemistry and rheological material properties. For each technique, the fundamental ideas and equations are introduced, and the most important results or predictions are shown and discussed. On the one hand, this review provides a comprehensive tutorial on multiscale computational techniques, which will be of interest to readers newly entering this field; on the other, it presents a critical discussion of the future opportunities and key challenges in the multiscale geometric mapping matrix between all-atomistic and coarse-grained models N number of monomers per chain N e entanglement length, which is the number of monomers between two entanglements n v number of polymer chains per unit volume n ij (n 0 (r ij )) entanglement number (at equilibrium) between particle pairs i and j p r , P R configurational probability distributions in all-atomistic and coarse-grained models, respectively R ee end-to-end distance of polymer chain R G radius of gyration of polymer chain s segment index/contour length variable along primitive chain S(q) single chain coherent dynamic scattering function Z number of entanglements per chain, defined as Z = N/N e α exponent in standard Mittag-Leffler function σ

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Section: Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Viscoplasticity and Damagesupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Viscoplasticity and Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Dynamics

et al. 2013

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“…The tear strength and tensile strength likely peak as the filler is homogeneously dispersed into synthetic rubber. 45) In contrast, the tear strength and tensile strength of natural rubber are affected by the viscoelastic properties and strain-induced crystallization of the rubber as well as the volume, interface, and cavitation effects of the filler. The strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber is promoted by the stress concentration of the filler.…”

Section: High Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Performance of Filled Rubbers

Kawahara

Yamamoto²,

Isono

2014

J. Soc. Rheol., Jpn

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Performance of filled rubber, which depended on the application such as tires, engine mounts, belts, seismic isolation rubber and rubber rollers, was described in conjunction with properties, i.e. strength, elasticity, viscosity, hardness, durability, weather resistance, conductivity, etc. Factors to control the properties were discussed in detail, which was associated with the amount of filler, the primary structure of filler, the secondary structure of its aggregate, and its distribution. In particular, the properties were related to rubber-rubber, rubber-filler and filler-filler interactions, which were inherently held in the filled rubber. The state of art technology and evolutionary prospect were described to control performance of tires, engine mounts, belts, seismic isolation rubber, rubber rollers and so forth. Key Words: Rubber / Carbon black † E-mail: kawahara@mst.nagaokaut.ac.jp

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“…[48][49][50][56][57][58][59][60] When the particles are electrically conductive (e.g., carbon black), electrical resistance testing is another useful method to study the structure of the percolated filler network. [61][62][63][64] With the exception of transmission electron microtomography, 65,66 it is difficult to observe differences in the three-dimensional nature of jammed particle networks using microscopy. For example, the unmodified silica-filled SBR and the compound with 3.6 phr MPTMS added have very different extents of filler networking based on G versus strain amplitude data (Figure 4), yet TEM images of these two distinct compounds are quite similar as demonstrated in Figure 6.…”

Section: Flocculation Reinforcement and Glass Transition Effects 511mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flocculation, Reinforcement, and Glass Transition Effects in Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Robertson

Lin

Bogoslovov

et al. 2011

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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The introduction of silanes to improve processability and properties of silica-reinforced rubber compounds is critical to the successful commercial use of silica as a filler in tires and other applications. The use of silanes to promote polymer-filler interactions is expected to limit the development of a percolated filler network and may also affect the mobility of polymer chains near the particles. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was reinforced with silica particles at a filler volume fraction of 0.19, and various levels of filler-filler shielding agent (n-octyltriethoxysilane) and polymerfiller coupling agent (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane) were incorporated. Both types of silane inhibited the filler flocculation process during annealing the uncured rubber materials, thus reducing the magnitude of the Payne effect. In contrast to the significant reinforcement effects noted in the strain-dependent shear modulus, the bulk modulus from hydrostatic compression was largely unaltered by the silanes. Addition of polymer-filler linkages using the coupling agent yielded bound rubber values up to 71%; however, this bound rubber exhibited glass transition behavior which was similar to the bulk SBR response, as determined by calorimetry and viscoelastic testing. Modifying the polymer-filler interface had a strong effect on the nature of the filler network, but it had very little influence on the segmental dynamics of polymer chains proximate to filler particles.

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Mesoscopic Mechanical Analysis of Filled Elastomer with 3D-Finite Element Analysis and Transmission Electron Microtomography

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Challenges in Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Dynamics

Challenges in Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Dynamics

Controlling the Performance of Filled Rubbers

Flocculation, Reinforcement, and Glass Transition Effects in Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

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