Mesoscopic light transport by very strong collective multiple scattering in nanowire mats

Strudley, Tom; Zehender, Tilman; Blejean, Claire; Bakkers, Erik P. A. M.; Muskens, Otto L.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.62

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…However, using diffusion theory and the best estimates for the effective index and mean free path, the average intensity transmission T can be estimated to be 0.08, consistent with the values previously reported for similar samples in Ref. [44]. As a result, the highest measured normalized channel transmission λ = 2.3 corresponds to an estimated absolute intensity transmission of 0.4.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Photonic Strengthsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We estimate the thickness of our sample to be 6 μm. In samples similar to the ones studied here, a transport mean free path as low as = 0.3 μm at λ = 632.8 nm was observed [44]. The effective refractive index of the nanowire mat is n eff = 1.9 ± 0.4, estimated using Bruggeman's formula [42], where the error margin arises from the uncertainty in the volume fraction, φ = 0.44 ± 0.15 as estimated from scanning electron microscopy images.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The histogram obtained from the model for a realistic estimate of the sample parameters based on previous data [44], n eff = 2.25 and = 0.3 μm, is shown in Fig. 7, along with the histograms obtained for an unrealistically high = 0.6 μm and for an unrealistically low = 0.1 μm, while retaining the same n eff .…”

Section: Numerical Evaluation Of the Dmpk Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The samples that we studied in this paper are disordered semiconductor nanowire mats, which are extremely strongly scattering samples [10,44]. Nanowires were grown using metal-organic vapor epitaxy on a GaP (100) substrate, with a refractive index of 3.32 at λ = 632.8 nm wavelength [45] and reach to a length of up to 6.4 μm [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical transmission matrix as a probe of the photonic strength

et al. 2016

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We demonstrate that optical transmission matrices (TMs) provide a powerful tool to extract the photonic strength of disordered complex media, independent of surface effects. We measure the TM of a strongly scattering GaP nanowire medium and compare the singular value density of the measured TM to a random-matrix-based wave transport model. By varying the transport mean free path and effective refractive index in the model, we retrieve the photonic strength. From separate numerical simulations we conclude that the photonic strength derived from TM statistics is insensitive to the surface reflection at rear surface of the sample.

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Section: Estimation Of the Photonic Strengthsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Numerical Evaluation Of the Dmpk Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical transmission matrix as a probe of the photonic strength

et al. 2016

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“…In disordered media, both the direction and phase of the propagating waves are randomized in a complex manner, making any attempt to control light propagation particularly challenging. Disordered media are currently investigated in several contexts, ranging from the study of collective multiple scattering phenomena [5,6] to cavity quantum electrodynamics and random lasing [7,8], to the possibility to provide efficient solutions in renewable energy [9], imaging [10], and spectroscopy-based applications [11]. Transport in such systems can be described in terms of photonic modes, or quasi-modes, which exhibit characteristic spatial profiles and spectra [12,13].…”

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Engineering of light confinement in strongly scattering disordered media

et al. 2014

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The ability to mold the flow of light at the wavelength scale has been largely investigated in photonic-crystal-based devices, a class of materials in which the propagation of light is driven by interferences between multiply Bragg scattered waves and whose energy dispersion is described by a photonic band diagram [1]. Light propagation in such structures is defined by Bloch modes, which can be engineered by varying the structural parameters of the material [2][3][4]. In disordered media, both the direction and phase of the propagating waves are randomized in a complex manner, making any attempt to control light propagation particularly challenging. Disordered media are currently investigated in several contexts, ranging from the study of collective multiple scattering phenomena [5,6] to cavity quantum electrodynamics and random lasing [7,8], to the possibility to provide efficient solutions in renewable energy [9], imaging [10], and spectroscopy-based applications [11]. Transport in such systems can be described in terms of photonic modes, or quasi-modes, which exhibit characteristic spatial profiles and spectra [12,13]. In diffusive systems, these modes are spatially and spectrally overlapping while in the regime of Anderson localization, they become spatially and spectrally-isolated [14]. Unlike Bloch modes in periodic systems, the precise formation of photonic modes in a single realization of the disorder is unpredictable.Control over light transport can be obtained by shaping the incident wave to excite only a specific part of the modes available in a given system [15][16][17][18]. For fully exploiting the potential of disordered systems, however, a mode control is needed. It was shown 3 theoretically that isolated modes could be selectively tuned and possibly coupled to each other by a local fine modification of the dielectric structure [19,20].In this Article, we demonstrate experimentally the ability to fully control the spectral properties of an individual photonic mode in a two-dimensional disordered photonic structure [21], in a wavelength range that is relevant for photonic research driven applications. A statistical analysis of individual spatially-isolated random photonic modes is performed by multi-dimensional near-field imaging, leading to a detailed determination of intensity fluctuations, decay lengths and mode volumes. We then demonstrate that individual modes can be fine-tuned either by near-field tip perturbation or by local sub-micrometer-scale oxidation of the semiconductor slab [22]. The resonant frequency of a selected mode is gradually shifted until it is in perfect spectral superposition with the frequency of other two modes, located a few micrometers apart and spatially overlapping with the tuned mode. On spectral resonance, we observe frequency crossing and anti-crossing behaviours, respectively, the latter indicating mode interaction. This provides the experimental proof-of- (e) and (f), respectively). The main difference between the two spectra normalized to the average intensity i...

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Low‐Dimensional Semiconductor Material‐Based Optoelectronic Devices and Their Applications

Retamal

2022

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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Over the past three decades, bottom‐up low‐dimensional semiconductor materials became a high class of materials owing to their superior electronic and optical properties than their bulk counterparts. Accordingly, semiconducting nanostructures have gained a great deal of attention as building blocks for multifunctional optoelectronic devices that control all aspects of light, ranging from absorption, propagation, emission to modulation. Therefore, the article gives a comprehensive review of the intriguing properties of distinct nanostructured semiconducting materials ranging from silicon, III–V compounds, metal oxides, halide perovskites, carbon nanotubes to two‐dimensional (2D) transitional metal dichalcogenides. More specifically, we explore the size dependence, quantum‐confinement effects, structural phase, material composition, surface effects, high surface‐to‐volume ratio, radial or axial structures, 2D in‐plane and out‐of‐plane structures, junction type, energy band alignment, and graded refractive index profile, among others. Accordingly, we next look on how to exploit such properties to build high‐performance optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, waveguides, LEDs, and lasers. Special emphasis is given to nanowire‐based plasmonic lasers for their ability to deliver subwavelength coherent light at the nanoscale. Finally, we survey a large number of applications to display the great potential of semiconducting nanostructures toward the next generation of photonic‐integrated circuits and quantum devices.

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Mesoscopic light transport by very strong collective multiple scattering in nanowire mats

Abstract: Under the extreme condition of the scattering length being much shorter than the wavelength, light transport in random media is strongly modified by mesoscopic interference, and can even be

Cited by 58 publications

References 30 publications

Optical transmission matrix as a probe of the photonic strength

Optical transmission matrix as a probe of the photonic strength

Engineering of light confinement in strongly scattering disordered media

Low‐Dimensional Semiconductor Material‐Based Optoelectronic Devices and Their Applications

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