Mesoscale variability of vertical profiles of environmental radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 210Pb and 137Cs) in temperate forest soils in Germany

Fujiyoshi, Ryoko; Sawamura, Sadashi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.08.007

Cited by 67 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…3,4 However, in our previous study depth profiles of 40 K in some soils were not regarded as homogeneous distribution. 5,6 We also found that radio-potassium was present only in the uppermost portion of a tropical forest soil in Alto Mayo in northern Peru where the bed rock is acidic sand stone with little potassium content. 6 It was not known how trees could survive in severe environment with poor nutrient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…6 In the observation site in Sapporo soil sampling was carried out in different seasons to investigate seasonal variation of the soil properties including environmental radionuclides ( 226 Ra, 137 Cs and 210 Pb) other than 40 K. Radon ( 222 Rn) and CO 2 (and its carbon isotopes,  13 C and  14 C) have also been monitored in this site since 2002. 5,10,11,17 It is interested to note in Table 1 that the amount of soil organic matter varied in winter-high and summer-low under a deciduous stand in Sapporo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6,14 The soils were dried at 110 ºC and passed through a 2 mm sieve. A set of data on several soil properties (pH, humidity and loss on ignition) was obtained using standard methods.…”

Section: Soil Sampling Pretreatments and Leaching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A set of data on several soil properties (pH, humidity and loss on ignition) was obtained using standard methods. 5 Leaching experiments were conducted for several soil The residues collected by filtration were rinsed with water and dried at 110 ºC for further analyses.…”

Section: Soil Sampling Pretreatments and Leaching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth profiles of potassium and its isotope ratio (40K/K) in several forest soils

Fujiyoshi

Satake

Sumiyoshi

2009

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Depth profiles potassium and its isotope ratio ( 40 K/K) were investigated in several forest soils from different geological and climatic backgrounds. The ratio was found not to be constant (0.0117 %) but varied appreciably from 0.0085 to 0.0167 % among different soils.Possible factors affecting variability of 40 K/K values were considered by a multivariate factor analysis which suggested that aqueous parameters like humidity and pH might be a controlling factor in the surface soils. The amount (and probably chemical forms) of iron oxide may be another one influencing 40 K/K values in mineral components at deeper portions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6,14 The soils were dried at 110 ºC and passed through a 2 mm sieve. A set of data on several soil properties (pH, humidity and loss on ignition) was obtained using standard methods.…”

Section: Soil Sampling Pretreatments and Leaching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Sampling Pretreatments and Leaching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth profiles of potassium and its isotope ratio (40K/K) in several forest soils

Fujiyoshi

Satake

Sumiyoshi

2009

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…Pb,a 222 Rn progeny, showed a small surface enrichment, suggesting atmospheric lead deposition on the forest floor since 1981 when the construction of university buildings was finished. It should be noted here that much higher concentration of 210 Pb is usually observed in the surface layer of forest soils undisturbed for more than 100 years (Fujiyoshi et al, 2004). Table 1 Figure 2 shows depth distribution profiles of radiocesium ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) activity concentration in soil, in which all the values in the figure were calculated on August 21, 2013.…”

Section: Gamma Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Soil radon (222Rn) monitoring in a forest site in Fukushima, Japan

et al. 2014

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Soil radon ( 222 Rn) has been monitored since August 2013 at three different soil depths on a campus forest of Fukushima University in Japan where a large amount of fallout nuclides were released by the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate 222 Rn activity level, variability and factors controlling 222 Rn concentration in soil air using data obtained from August to December 2013. Time series of 222 Rn activity concentration showed depth-dependent variability with an equilibrium value ( 222 Rn eq ) during this observation period; 7.5, 14 and 23 kBq m -3 at 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m in depth, respectively. Two typhoons passing over the site had a great influence on soil radon level, which was practically used for evaluating effective diffusion coefficient of 222 Rn there. Transport mechanism of 222 Rn in soil air was considered to be diffusion-controlled with data sets on changing 222 Rn concentration with time in selected cases that showed decreasing (or increasing) 222 Rn concentration with time at every depth. Important factors affecting soil 222 Rn variability are meteorological parameters, low pressure front passing over the site, and subsequent precipitation. Time-lags of decreasing 222 Rn concentration at different depths after rain indicate a certain relationship of 222 Rn level with moving water (and water vapor) in soil. The findings obtained in this study are important to evaluate fate of fallout nuclides (radiocesium) in contaminated forest sites using soil radon as a tracer of moving soil air. IntroductionRadon ( 222 Rn) in the environment has been extensively studied to evaluate dose levels due to inhaling the radioactive gas into the body, to estimate its flux from the ground surface to the atmosphere (exhalation) as a tracer of air movement in the lower atmosphere, and to predict seismic activity in tectonically active areas (Dorr et al. 1983;Zahorowski et al. 2004;Vaupotič et al 2010). Another important and basic aspect exists in the study of 222 Rn in soil air to elucidate mechanisms of its migration in soil and transportation to the ground surface (Nazaroff 1992;Neznal and Neznal 2005;Fujiyoshi et al. 2010Fujiyoshi et al. , 2013. Soil radon monitoring has shown that 222 Rn activity concentration varies to a great extent depending on geological, meteorological and hydrological factors, and that its migration through the soil and rock is controlled not only by diffusion but convection It is widely recognized that both liquid and gaseous water movements are fundamental factors controlling many processes in soil. Soil water dynamics are strongly linked to temperature variations and then biological activities. These processes, complicated due to interrelations among controlling factors, have not been clarified thoroughly (Wells et al. 2007;Bittelli et al. 2008). Understanding radon transportation in soil is useful for evaluating soil air movement in the surface soil layers, because radon is chemically inert and radioactive...

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The use of radiocarbon to constrain current and future soil organic matter turnover and transport in a temperate forest

et al. 2014

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(2014), The use of radiocarbon to constrain current and future soil organic matter turnover and transport in a temperate forest, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 119, 372-391, doi:10.1002 Abstract We investigated the merits of radiocarbon measurements for estimating soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and vertical transport for a temperate deciduous forest in Germany. Eleven parameters, defining decomposition and transport in the soil carbon model SOMPROF, were estimated using a Bayesian approach based on organic carbon measurements and radiocarbon concentration of SOM and heterotrophic respiration. The addition of radiocarbon data had strong effects on the parameters, most importantly a reduction of the decomposition and production rate of the slowest SOM pool by an order of magnitude, and a similar reduction in advective SOM transport. The modified parameters further led to changes in the partitioning of SOM over the different model pools. The calibration results were subsequently used to perform transient soil carbon projections for the period 1901-2100. These simulations were run with parameter sets from calibrations both with and without radiocarbon. The results show an increase over time of topsoil carbon and a decrease in the subsoil, adding to a net gain overall. Near the end of the 21st century, total carbon stocks stabilize and-for the radiocarbon-constrained model-start to decrease. However, the changes are small compared to the total stocks. The model results for the calibrations with and without radiocarbon are in general quite similar, but the latter shows notably higher heterotrophic respiration fluxes. Constraining the model with radiocarbon yielded only a small reduction of uncertainty for the total carbon stocks, while for the individual depth compartments, the uncertainty was increased.

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Mesoscale variability of vertical profiles of environmental radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 210Pb and 137Cs) in temperate forest soils in Germany

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

Depth profiles of potassium and its isotope ratio (40K/K) in several forest soils

Depth profiles of potassium and its isotope ratio (40K/K) in several forest soils

Soil radon (222Rn) monitoring in a forest site in Fukushima, Japan

The use of radiocarbon to constrain current and future soil organic matter turnover and transport in a temperate forest

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