Mesoscale simulations of a dart penetrating sand

Borg, John P.; Vogler, Tracy

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.064

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Failure is defined as the maximum value of principal stress difference obtained or the principal stress difference at 15% axial strain, whichever occurs first. It can be concluded that the onset of yielding, hardening, and material failure is strongly dependent on confining pressure, 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a large body of literature on modeling the quasi-static mechanical behavior of frictional materials like sand, in view of civil engineering applications. The experimental data, on which the models are based, obtain the material response under moderate confining pressures, that is, up to about 75 MPa [1,2] and are not representative of pressures occurring in dynamic events [3]. Examples include the two-surface Cap-type models originally developed by Drucker et al [4] and subsequently generalized by DiMaggio and Sandler [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the high‐pressure, undrained response of a cohesionless sand

Martin

Cazacu

2012

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Key in predicting stability in sands during dynamic events is gaining a fundamental understanding of the physics of its deformation and failure at high pressures. In this paper are reported results of an experimental investigation into the high-pressure (up to 700 MPa) mechanical response of Quikrete sand. During all triaxial compression tests, the material exhibited hardening up to failure while both compressibility and dilatancy regimes of the volumetric response were observed. Furthermore, the transition from compressibility to dilatancy was found to be highly dependent on confining pressure. By performing triaxial compression tests with several creep stages followed by unloading-reloading cycles, the time influence of the overall response was detected. Using the experimental data, a new model that captures both compressibility and dilatancy has been developed. Comparison between model predictions and data showed that the proposed model describes well the main characteristics of the high-pressure response of sand. Experiments required for the calibration of the model are as follows:A minimum of four CTC tests at varying confining pressures, 3 , in the stress range of the particular application for the material. Each experiment should include at least three loading-creep-unloading-reloading cycles. Hydrostatic compression test including at least three loading-creep-unloading-reloading cycles. Calibration procedureA linear regression software, developed and distributed by SYSTAT, called 'TableCurve ® 2D' version 5.01 was used. The software is available at www.systat.com. Additionally, the TableCurve ® 2D allows for evaluation of the first and second derivatives allowing the model developer to assess continuity of any function chosen to represent the material behavior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the high‐pressure, undrained response of a cohesionless sand

Martin

Cazacu

2012

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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“…To understand these characteristic from phenomenological point of view, the resistance, R, was expressed in terms of velocity of projectile, V, as was formulated by many investigators (Goldman andUmbanhowar, 2008, Borg andVogler, 2008). In the stage I, the force by a projectile acts on the target to accelerate particles, and can be expressed by change of momentum as follows;…”

Section: Resistance Versus Penetration Depth Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic simulations of projectile penetration into granular medium

Ogawa¹,

Takeda

Kobayashi

2015

Mechanical Engineering Journal

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Dynamic FEM and DEM simulations are carried out to investigate dynamic penetration of a projectile into a target of granular medium. Spatial distribution and time dependence of ejecta are clarified together with their trajectories in medium. Highly densified region is generated just ahead of the projectile and propagates leaving rarefied regions. Force on the projectile is fully discussed in connection with dynamic behavior of granular target.

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“…Unlike metals, which have been extensively studied and their behavior successfully modeled in view of their continuum nature, mechanical behavior of granular materials still remain a challenge [2,3,9,31]. Bulk modeling based on continuum assumption of granular materials requires consideration of additional factors, such as particle size distribution, grain-grain contact, fracture of particles, friction between the particles.…”

Section: This Study Was Conducted By Vijay Subramanian At Oklahoma Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Granular Materials: Experimentation and Simulations for Determining the Compressive and Shear Behaviors of Sand at Granular and Meso Scales

Komanduri¹,

Lu²,

Subramanian³

et al. 2011

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We present the results of experiments conducted to study the compressive and shear behavior of sand. Static and dynamic studies on the compression of sand grains were conducted. Nanoindentation was performed on single grains on sand of different sizes in order to determine the elastic and fracture properties of individual sand grains. Finite Element method (FEM) was used to solve the inverse problem so as to obtain the material properties from the load-displacement curves obtained from nanoindentation experiments. We also report the results of quasi-static compression tests conducted on sand held in a passive confinement. An in-house built compression fixture enabled the compression of sand grains up to axial stresses as high as 3 GPa. The results of tests conducted to study the dynamic behavior of ensemble to sand grains to compressive loading are also presented. Dynamic compression tests at strain rates of ∼700 s −1 were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Characterization of sand grains based on initial packaging density, moisture content and different confinement materials were performed. In-situ quasi-static compression of sand grains along with X-ray micro-computed tomography was performed. Images from the tomographs were combined with the axial stress-strain data to explain various phenomenon such as re-arrangement and eventual fracture of grains during compression. Results obtained from various experiments performed in the course of this study would serve to validate the analytical models on mechanical behavior of sand. IntroductionGranular or particulate materials are ensembles of discrete macroscopic particles that respond to external forces only via inter-particle contact forces. They resemble solids as they behave rigidly under compression due to grain interlocking. Due to discrete and unbonded nature of the grains, they cannot withstand any load under tension. When the interlocking between the grains collapse, they lose resistance to shear loading and exhibit flow behavior similar to that of a viscous fluid. The solid-liquid transitional behavior of 2 the granular materials can be observed in grains stored in silos to landslides. They resemble liquids by assuming the shape of the container that they are stored and resemble gases as they lack intergranular cohesion. Jaeger et al. describe granular materials as "unusual" solids, liquids or gases [31]. They describe granular materials as a unique state of matter. The study of granular materials is currently active in various fields of engineering and sciences; including physics, geophysics, mechanics, and pharmaceuticals. Sand is a granular material found abundantly in nature. It has a hard structure with particle size varying between 7.5 µm and 4.75 mm. It primarily consists of silica (SiO 2 ) while other constituents, such as magnetite, gypsum, chlorite are present in minor quantities and vary from one geographic location to the other. Sand is usually described by their composition, morphology (shape), size, color, and text...

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Mesoscale simulations of a dart penetrating sand

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the high‐pressure, undrained response of a cohesionless sand

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the high‐pressure, undrained response of a cohesionless sand

Dynamic simulations of projectile penetration into granular medium

Mechanics of Granular Materials: Experimentation and Simulations for Determining the Compressive and Shear Behaviors of Sand at Granular and Meso Scales

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