Mesoscale observations of temperature and salinity in the Arctic Transpolar Drift: a high-resolution dataset from the MOSAiC Distributed Network

Abstract

Abstract. Measurements targeting mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the ice-covered part of the Arctic Ocean are sparse in all seasons. As a result, there are significant knowledge gaps with respect to these processes, in particular related to the role of eddies and fronts in the coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea ice system. Here we present a unique observational dataset of upper ocean temperature and salinity collected by a set of buoys installed on ice floes as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network. The multi-sensor systems, each of them equipped with five temperature and salinity recorders on a 100 m long inductive modem tether, drifted together with the main MOSAiC ice camp through the Arctic Transpolar Drift between October 2019 and August 2020. They transmitted hydrographic in situ data via the iridium satellite network at 10 minute intervals. While three buoys failed early due to ice dynamics, five of them recorded data continuously for 10 months. Four units were successfully recovered in early August 2020, additionally yielding internally stored instrument data at 2 minute intervals. The raw datasets (Hoppmann et al., 2021i) were merged, processed, quality-controlled and validated using independent measurements. Upon acceptance of the manuscript, the finally processed dataset (currently under moratorium) will be made publicly available under Hoppmann et al. (2022i). As an important part of the MOSAiC physical oceanography program, this unique dataset has many synergies with the manifold co-located observational datasets, and is expected to yield significant insights into ocean processes, and to contribute to the validation of high-resolution numerical simulations.

Sea-ice decline makes zooplankton stay deeper for longer

“…The transmission interval was set to 10 minutes. A more detailed description of the buoy is given in Hoppmann, 2022 55 . The data of this buoy are available online at https://data.meereisportal.de/ 56 and are currently being archived in PANGAEA.…”

Dynamical reconstruction of the upper-ocean state in the Central Arctic during the winter period of the MOSAiC Expedition

“…The sensor stability rating is 0.003 mS cm −1 and 0.0002 per month for conductivity and temperature, respectively, with a yearly rating of 0.05% of the full scale for pressure. The detailed description of the instruments and the data obtained are given by Hoppmann et al (2022). We further, used data from three Ice-tethered profilers (ITP; Toole and Krishfield, 2016).…”

“…Moreover, the looping of the DN drift trajectory and the intersection of the trajectories of different buoys add complexity to the observed data. Nevertheless, using relatively simple data analysis methods, several mesoscale eddies were identified in the Amundsen Basin (Hoppmann et al, 2022;Fang et al, 2023 (submitted;Quintanilla-Zurita and et al, (in prep.). However, these methods have limitations in showing the overall 3D picture, as the buoy measurements can be complex to analyze spatially, due to the above mentioned complex drift trajectories.…”