Mesoproterozoic oxygenated deep seawater recorded by early diagenetic carbonate concretions from the Member IV of the Xiamaling Formation, North China

Liu, Anqi; Tang, Dongjie; Shi, Xiaoying; Zhou, Xiqiang; Zhou, Limin; Shang, Mohan; Li, Yang; Hao, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105667

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Estimates based on stable chromium (Cr) isotopes in shales and oolitic ironstones (11,12), cerium (Ce) systematics in marine carbonates (13,14), and iron (Fe) retention patterns in ancient soil horizons (15) are all consistent with very low atmospheric O 2 , perhaps below ∼1% PAL. In contrast, trace element abundances and isotopic signatures in shales (16)(17)(18) and iodine systematics of marine carbonate concretions (19) have been used to suggest higher atmospheric O 2 levels, well above ∼1% PAL and perhaps even >10% PAL. A reanalysis of the Ce anomaly data also suggests atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (pO 2 ) > 1% PAL (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O ₂ and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

Liu

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Reconstructing the history of biological productivity and atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (pO2) is a fundamental goal of geobiology. Recently, the mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes (O-MIF) has been used as a tool for estimating pO2 and productivity during the Proterozoic. O-MIF, reported as Δ′17O, is produced during the formation of ozone and destroyed by isotopic exchange with water by biological and chemical processes. Atmospheric O-MIF can be preserved in the geologic record when pyrite (FeS2) is oxidized during weathering, and the sulfur is redeposited as sulfate. Here, sedimentary sulfates from the ∼1.4-Ga Sibley Formation are reanalyzed using a detailed one-dimensional photochemical model that includes physical constraints on air–sea gas exchange. Previous analyses of these data concluded that pO2 at that time was <1% PAL (times the present atmospheric level). Our model shows that the upper limit on pO2 is essentially unconstrained by these data. Indeed, pO2 levels below 0.8% PAL are possible only if atmospheric methane was more abundant than today (so that pCO2 could have been lower) or if the Sibley O-MIF data were diluted by reprocessing before the sulfates were deposited. Our model also shows that, contrary to previous assertions, marine productivity cannot be reliably constrained by the O-MIF data because the exchange of molecular oxygen (O2) between the atmosphere and surface ocean is controlled more by air–sea gas transfer rates than by biological productivity. Improved estimates of pCO2 and/or improved proxies for Δ′17O of atmospheric O2 would allow tighter constraints to be placed on mid-Proterozoic pO2.

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confidence: 99%

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O ₂ and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

Liu

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In this study, the basinal primary productivity may have not varied greatly between the deposition of CLG‐1 and TSZ‐2, as TOC contents in these stratigraphic units show no significant difference between the intervals with high and low I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (Figure 6). The elevated carbonate I/(Ca + Mg) (up to 1.54 μmol/mol) likely indicates that the shallow seawater oxygen concentrations were higher than the maximum O 2 attainable through local oxygenic primary production (Liu et al., 2020; Reinhard et al., 2016; Shang et al., 2019). Thus, the pulsed increase of oxygen was not limited to shallow seawater, and an elevated oxygen levels in atmosphere could also be expected as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some other studies, however, suggested a highly dynamic redox landscape for the mid‐Proterozoic ocean, with spatio‐temporally heterogeneous seawaters (e.g., Diamond & Lyons, 2018; Gilleaudeau & Kah, 2015; Hardisty et al., 2017; Planavsky et al., 2018; Poulton et al., 2010; Sperling et al., 2014; Tang et al., 2016). Multi‐proxy evidence from several sedimentary basins seems to support an episodic or spatially limited oxygenation model in the mid‐Proterozoic ocean that is at least identifiable regionally (Chen et al., 2020; Diamond & Lyons, 2018; Liu et al., 2020, A. Q. Liu et al., 2019; Planavsky et al., 2018; Shang et al., 2019; Sperling et al., 2014; Tang et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2016). Some paleoredox proxy data used for arguing an elevated p O 2 in the interval of 1.4–0.9 Ga, however, are apparently contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, the atmospheric p O 2 at ca . 1.4 Ga was estimated as high as >4%–8% PAL, based on an ocean water‐column carbon‐cycling model and the aerobic diagenesis interpreted from the Xiamaling Formation of the North China Platform (Zhang et al., 2016; also see Liu et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2017). However, a recent work on triple oxygen isotopes (Δ 17 O) recorded in ca .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pulsed Oxygenation in Terminal Paleoproterozoic Ocean: Evidence From the Transition Between the Chuanlinggou and Tuanshanzi Formations, North China

Wei

Tang

Shi

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The mid-Proterozoic (ca. 1.8-0.8 Ga) witnessed a period of stable carbon cycling and long stasis in eukaryotic evolution, which was commonly ascribed to the persistently low oxygen levels in the atmosphere-ocean system. Recently, several pulsed marine oxygenations were identified from different continents, and presumed to have facilitated the short-term diversification of eukaryotes in the early Mesoproterozoic Era. To test this hypothesis, an integrated study of iodine species [I/ (Ca + Mg)], paired carbon isotopes (δ 13 C carb and δ 13 C org ), and elemental abundances was conducted on the fossilbearing Tuanshanzi Formation (∼1.64-1.63 Ga), North China. The near-zero I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (0.00 ± 0.01 μmol/mol) coupled with low δ 13 C org (−30.2 ± 1.4‰) in the strata below the fossil-bearing interval suggests anoxic conditions in shallow seawater. An increase of I/ (Ca + Mg) up to ∼1.54 μmol/ mol coupled with a ∼2‰ negative shift in δ 13 C carb and a ∼11‰ positive excursion in δ 13 C org in the fossil-bearing interval point to an increased oxygen concentration. Above the fossil-bearing interval, I/ (Ca + Mg) decrease to <0.5 μmol/mol, suggesting deoxygenation and a return to anoxic to suboxic conditions. Combined with relevant data from other mid-Proterozoic sections of North China and Australia, these data likely indicate dynamic redox conditions in the shallow seawaters of this period, with multiple pulses in oxygenation in otherwise anoxic conditions. These pulsed oxygenations may have facilitated short-term proliferation and diversification of early eukaryotes in shallow seawaters, but the overall low oxygen levels have impeded their continuous development and the rise to ecological dominance until late Neoproterozoic.

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“…Prolonged chemical exchange between seawater and sediments is a prerequisite for the formation of glauconite (Odin and Matter 1981). Several case studies indicate that the composition of glauconite bears subtle evidence of seawater composition of the past (El Albani et al 2005;Meunier and El Albani 2007;Banerjee et al 2008Banerjee et al , 2015Banerjee et al , 2016aBanerjee et al , 2016bBansal et al 2017Bansal et al , 2018Bansal et al , 2019Bansal et al , 2020aBansal et al , 2020bTang et al 2017aTang et al , 2017bLiu et al 2020;Mandal et al 2020) The high global abundance of glauconite in a short time span encompassing the Paleogene warming intervals rules out the local diagenetic effects on the formation of glauconite. Our literature survey shows the distribution of glauconite and other authigenic minerals on the Paleogene ocean floor across the globe.…”

Section: The Formation Of Glauconite During Warming Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of authigenic deposits during Paleogene warm climatic intervals: a review

et al. 2020

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Although Paleogene warm climatic intervals have received considerable attention for atmospheric and oceanographic changes, the authigenic mineralization associated with these time spans remains overlooked. An extensive review of the literature reveals a close correspondence between the high abundance of glauconite and warm climatic intervals during the Paleogene period. The abundance of phosphorite, ironstone, lignite and black shale deposits reveals similar trends. Although investigated thoroughly, the origin of these authigenic deposits is never understood in the background of Paleogene warming climatic intervals. A combination of factors like warm seawater, hypoxic shelf, low rate of sedimentation, and enhanced rate of continental weathering facilitated the glauconitization. The last factor caused the excess supply of nutrients, including Fe, Si, K, Mg and Al through the rivers, the cations needed for the formation of glauconite. The excessive inflow of nutrient-rich freshwater into the shallow seas further ensured high organic productivity and stratification in shallow shelves, causing hypoxia. The consequent rapid rise in sea-level during the warm periods created extensive low-relief shallow marine shelves starved in sediments. Oxygen-deficiency in the shallow marine environment facilitated the fixation of Fe into the glauconite structure. The inflow of nutrient-rich water during the warm climatic intervals facilitated the formation of phosphorite, ironstone, and organic-matter-rich sedimentary deposits as well. Although global factors primarily controlled the formation of these authigenic deposits, local factors played significant roles in some of the deposits. Therefore, phosphorites formed in marine conditions with open circulation within the tropical zone. While lush growth of rainforest covers in the tropical belt facilitated the formation of coastal lignite.

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Mesoproterozoic oxygenated deep seawater recorded by early diagenetic carbonate concretions from the Member IV of the Xiamaling Formation, North China

Cited by 28 publications

References 72 publications

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O ₂ and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O ₂ and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

A Pulsed Oxygenation in Terminal Paleoproterozoic Ocean: Evidence From the Transition Between the Chuanlinggou and Tuanshanzi Formations, North China

The formation of authigenic deposits during Paleogene warm climatic intervals: a review

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Mesoproterozoic oxygenated deep seawater recorded by early diagenetic carbonate concretions from the Member IV of the Xiamaling Formation, North China

Cited by 28 publications

References 72 publications

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O 2 and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O 2 and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

A Pulsed Oxygenation in Terminal Paleoproterozoic Ocean: Evidence From the Transition Between the Chuanlinggou and Tuanshanzi Formations, North China

The formation of authigenic deposits during Paleogene warm climatic intervals: a review

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Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O ₂ and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic

Triple oxygen isotope constraints on atmospheric O ₂ and biological productivity during the mid-Proterozoic