Mesoporous silica
nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide nanosheets
(MSiO2-GO) were synthesized and characterized for the active
removal of lead (Pb2+) from the water. MSiO2 NPs were prepared via an ultrasonication method using tetraethyl
orthosilicate (TEOS), and GO sheets were obtained via a modified Hummers’
method. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy specified
the composition of MSiO2 NPs and GO sheets. The surface
charge and texture of the MSiO2-GO nanosheets were obtained
using the ζ-potential technique and by field emission scanning
electron microscopy. The relative cytotoxicity test of MSiO2 NPs and MSiO2-GO nanosheets was performed on Murine Raw
264.7 cells before implying the treatment of water. Adsorption of
Pb2+ ions on MSiO2-GO nanosheets was examined
at various parameters such as different aqueous pH values (2.0–10.0),
MSiO2-GO nanosheet doses (3, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg L–1), time intervals (2–30 min), and temperatures (25–45
°C). About 90% of Pb2+ ions were removed from water
within 30 min (MSiO2-GO dose: 15 mg L–1; initial Pb2+ ions: 50 mg L–1; temperature:
25 °C; shaking speed: 200 rpm). The maximal uptake of Pb2+ was obtained at solution pH 6.0. Pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order
kinetic rate equations describe the sorption dynamic data. Pb2+ sorption isotherms were modeled using the Freundlich and
Langmuir isotherm models. The possible mechanism of binding of Pb2+ ions onto MSiO2-GO nanosheets has been discussed.
The exhausted MSiO2-GO nanosheets were successfully regenerated
using 0.005 M HNO3 as the desorbing agent.