Antireflective (AR) films are widely applied in solar
cells to
reduce the reflectivity toward sunlight, thus improving the photoelectric
conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. However, AR films are
still suffering from poor mechanical properties and low transmittance
in photovoltaic applications. Herein, a ZrO2–SiO2 composite film with enhanced mechanical properties was successfully
synthesized by a facile sol–gel method, whose pencil hardness
increased from less than 6B to B compared with the pure SiO2 film synthesized with the same alkali-catalyzed method. Moreover,
the ZrO2–SiO2 film with a Zr/Si mole
ratio (n
Zr/Si) of 0.06 exhibited a high
transmittance gain (ΔT) of 3.0%, and an obvious increase (1.32%)
in PCE was observed in a perovskite solar cell compared with the cell
covered by a bare glass. Additionally, both the short-circuit current
density (J
SC) and PCE of perovskite solar
cells have a non-linear increasing relationship with the average transmittance
(Tavg) of the ZrO2–SiO2 composite
film. In this sense, this work can provide a facile way to prepare
AR films effectively improving performances of solar cells.