Meson Condensation

Mannarelli, Massimo

doi:10.3390/particles2030025

Cited by 79 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Finite baryon density QCD has piqued huge interest in nuclear physics, high energy physics and even astrophysics. It is excepted that QCD has a very rich phase structure in (T, µ) parameter space [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], and there are several heavy-ion collision experiments such as NICA, FAIR, RHIC (BES II), J-PARC, HIAF that will elucidate the properties of dense QCD matter in the near future. Especially awaited is the NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAility) complex that is now under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But it is not hard to believe that temperature and baryon density are not the only relevant parameters in various physical setups. These physical settings, for example, could be systems with a large isospin imbalance [1,[20][21][22]. Consider, for instance, the initial state of heavy-ion collisions, the initial ions have twice as many neutrons as protons and this can be important in collisions of not that high energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dense Baryonic Matter and Applications of QCD Phase Diagram Dualities

2020

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Recently it has been found that quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram possesses a duality between chiral symmetry breaking and pion condensation. For the first time this was revealed in the QCD motivated toy model. Then it was demonstrated in effective models as well and new additional dualities being found. We briefly recap the main features of this story and then discuss its applications as a tool to explore the QCD phase structure. The most appealing application is the possibility of getting the results on the QCD phase diagram at large baryon density. Taking the idea from large 1/Nc universalities it was argued that the scenario of circumventing the sign problem with the help of dualities seems plausible. It is also discussed that there is a persistent problem about whether there should be catalysis or anti-catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking by chiral imbalance. One can probably say that the issue is settled after lattice results (first principle approach), where the catalysis was observed. But they used an unphysically large pion mass so it is still interesting to get additional indications that this is the case. It is shown just by the duality property that there exists catalysis of chiral symmetry breaking. So, having in mind our results and the earlier lattice simulations, one can probably claim that this issue is settled. It is demonstrated that the duality can be used to obtain new results. As an example, it is showcased how the phase structure of dense quark matter with chiral imbalance (with possibility of inhomogeneous phases) can be obtained from the knowledge of a QCD phase diagram with isopin asymmetry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Baryonic Matter and Applications of QCD Phase Diagram Dualities

2020

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“…First, recent results from lattice QCD support an existence of the pion BEC at finite isospin chemical potential [32,33], as suggested earlier by the chiral perturbation theory [34]. Second, the pion BEC phenomenon has a number of applications, including ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy ions [8,9], the hypothetical pion stars [35][36][37], and the cosmic trajectory in the early universe [32,38]. Recently, the possibility of Bose condensation in a pion system was considered within a Skyrme-like model including both attractive and repulsive interaction terms [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenology in systems with repulsive interactions

et al. 2020

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The role of repulsive interactions in statistical systems of Bose particles is investigated. Three different phenomenological frameworks are considered: a mean-field model, an excluded volume model, and a model with a medium-dependent effective mass. All three models are tuned to yield similar equations of state, with only minor deviations from the ideal Bose gas at small chemical potentials. Our analysis indicates, however, that these models lead to qualitatively different results for the Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon. We discuss the different aspects of this phenomenon, namely, an onset of the Bose-Einstein condensation, particle number fluctuations, and a behavior of the Bose condensate. The obtained results can be helpful for interpreting the lattice QCD data at small temperature and large isospin chemical potential and the data on multiple pion production in high-energy nuclear collisions.

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“…We review now the importance of a chemical potential in the context of meson condensation in QCD, in particular for the case of two flavors [45][46][47][48], and discuss for the first time its effects on the axion potential. This is a simplified version of the more complicated, but plausibly more realistic, scenario of kaon condensation (N f = 3), to be discussed in section 4.2.…”

Section: Meson Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The QCD axion at finite density

Balkin

Serra

Springmann

et al. 2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We show how the properties of the QCD axion change in systems at finite baryonic density, such as neutron stars. At nuclear saturation densities, where corrections can be reliably computed, we find a mild reduction of the axion mass and up to an order of magnitude enhancement in the model-independent axion coupling to neutrons. At moderately higher densities, if realized, meson (kaon) condensation can trigger axion condensation. We also study the axion potential at asymptotically large densities, where the color-superconducting phase of QCD potentially leads to axion condensation, and the mass of the axion is generically several orders of magnitude smaller than in vacuum due to the suppressed instantons. Several phenomenological consequences of the axion being sourced by neutron stars are discussed, such as its contribution to their total mass, the presence of an axionic brane, or axion-photon conversion in the magnetosphere.

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Meson Condensation

Cited by 79 publications

References 140 publications

Dense Baryonic Matter and Applications of QCD Phase Diagram Dualities

Dense Baryonic Matter and Applications of QCD Phase Diagram Dualities

Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenology in systems with repulsive interactions

The QCD axion at finite density

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