Mesocotyl elongation, an essential trait for dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.): a review of physiological and genetic basis

Zhan, Jiasui; Lü, Xiang; Liu, Hongyan; Zhao, Quanzhi; Ye, Guoyou

doi:10.1007/s00425-019-03322-z

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The embryo proper contains the root meristem (RAM) and the shoot meristem (SAM), relevant during the vegetative and reproductive phases for the development of the plant; these consist of a pool of stem cells that divide to give rise to more daughter cells that undergo cell division and differentiation throughout the entire life of the plant ( Figure 2 ). The roots and mesocotyl continue to grow using a combination of cell division in the meristems and cell elongation in subapical regions named elongation zones, which are highly controlled by several mechanisms [ 16 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Maize ( Zea Mays L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Rodríguez

Cassab

2021

Plants

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Maize illustrates one of the most complex cases of embryogenesis in higher plants that results in the development of early embryo with distinctive organs such as the mesocotyl, seminal and primary roots, coleoptile, and plumule. After seed germination, the elongation of root and mesocotyl follows opposite directions in response to specific tropisms (positive and negative gravitropism and hydrotropism). Tropisms represent the differential growth of an organ directed toward several stimuli. Although the life cycle of roots and mesocotyl takes place in darkness, their growth and functions are controlled by different mechanisms. Roots ramify through the soil following the direction of the gravity vector, spreading their tips into new territories looking for water; when water availability is low, the root hydrotropic response is triggered toward the zone with higher moisture. Nonetheless, there is a high range of hydrotropic curvatures (angles) in maize. The processes that control root hydrotropism and mesocotyl elongation remain unclear; however, they are influenced by genetic and environmental cues to guide their growth for optimizing early seedling vigor. Roots and mesocotyls are crucial for the establishment, growth, and development of the plant since both help to forage water in the soil. Mesocotyl elongation is associated with an ancient agriculture practice known as deep planting. This tradition takes advantage of residual soil humidity and continues to be used in semiarid regions of Mexico and USA. Due to the genetic diversity of maize, some lines have developed long mesocotyls capable of deep planting while others are unable to do it. Hence, the genetic and phenetic interaction of maize lines with a robust hydrotropic response and higher mesocotyl elongation in response to water scarcity in time of global heating might be used for developing more resilient maize plants.

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Section: Maize ( Zea Mays L)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These agronomic characteristics have been more studied in rice, where it has been observed that higher yield often showed a direct association with seedling vigor and establishment. Accordingly, it has been used in rice breeding programs [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Rodríguez

Cassab

2021

Plants

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“…The mesocotyl is a structure that separates the cotyledon from the coleoptile of rice seedlings. Varieties with longer mesocotyls have increased seedling emergence vigor, making direct seeding feasible (Zhan et al, 2020). Wild rice and many ancient landraces have a long mesocotyl phenotype when germinated in deep soil or in darkness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted mutagenesis of POLYAMINE OXIDASE 5 that negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation enables the generation of direct-seeding rice with improved grain yield

Shao

Jiao

et al. 2021

Molecular Plant

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Under conditions of labor or resource scarcity, direct seeding, rather than transplantation, is the preferred mode of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. This approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence. Mesocotyl elongation (ME), the main driver of rapid emergence of rice seedlings from soil, is enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light. Plant polyamine oxidases (PAOs) oxidize polyamines (PAs) and release H 2 O 2 . Here, we established that OsPAO5 expression in rice seedlings is increased in the presence of light and inhibited by darkness. To determine its role in ME, we created OsPAO5 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. Compared with the wild type, pao5 mutants had longer mesocotyls, released less H 2 O 2 , and synthesized more ethylene. The mutant seedlings emerged at a higher and more uniform rate, indicating their potential for use in direct seeding. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that an SNP (PAO5 À578G/A ) located 578 bp upstream of the OsPAO5 start codon alters its expression, and was selected during rice mesocotyl domestication. The PAO5 À578G genotype conferring a long mesocotyl mainly exists in wild rice, most Aus accessions, and some Geng (Japonica) accessions. Intriguingly, knocking out OsPAO5 can remarkably increase the grain weight, grain number, and yield potential. In summary, we developed a novel strategy to obtain elite rice with higher emergence vigor and yield potential, which can be conveniently and widely used to breed varieties of direct-seeding rice.

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“…Transplanting and direct seeding are two major rice planting patterns. Direct seeding refers to the process of establishing seedlings into puddled or submerged soil without the transplanting process (Kumar and Ladha, 2011;Zhan et al, 2020). Compared with traditional rice transplanting, direct seeding is water-efficient and labor-saving (Kato and Katsura, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Ohno et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, direct seeding is also facing problems such as low seedling emergence rate, poor seedling establishment, weed infestation, and high crop lodging rate ( Mahender et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2017 ). Mesocotyl, an organ between the coleoptile node and the basal part of the seminal root in rice seedlings, plays a key role in pushing buds out of deep water or soil for successful seedling establishment during germination ( Zhan et al, 2020 ). Thus, varieties with longer mesocotyl can be used to partially overcome the problems faced by direct seeding ( Lee et al, 2017 ; Zhan et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Identification of QTL for Mesocotyl Length in Rice Through Combining QTL-seq and Genome-Wide Association Analysis

et al. 2021

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Mesocotyl is a crucial organ for pushing buds out of soil, which plays a vital role in seedling emergence and establishment in direct-seeded rice. Thus, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with mesocotyl length (ML) could accelerate genetic improvement of rice for direct seeding cultivation. In this study, QTL sequencing (QTL-seq) applied to 12 F2 populations identified 14 QTL for ML, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 based on the Δ(SNP-index) or G-value statistics. Besides, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using two diverse panels identified five unique QTL on chromosomes 1, 8, 9, and 12 (2), respectively, explaining 5.3–14.6% of the phenotypic variations. Among these QTL, seven were in the regions harboring known genes or QTLs, whereas the other 10 were potentially novel. Six of the QTL were stable across two or more populations. Eight high-confidence candidate genes related to ML were identified for the stable loci based on annotation and expression analyses. Association analysis revealed that two PCR gel-based markers for the loci co-located by QTL-seq and GWAS, Indel-Chr1:18932318 and Indel-Chr7:15404166 for loci qML1.3 and qML7.2 respectively, were significantly associated with ML in a collection of 140 accessions and could be used as breeder-friendly markers in further breeding.

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Mesocotyl elongation, an essential trait for dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.): a review of physiological and genetic basis

Cited by 37 publications

References 80 publications

Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface

Targeted mutagenesis of POLYAMINE OXIDASE 5 that negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation enables the generation of direct-seeding rice with improved grain yield

Rapid Identification of QTL for Mesocotyl Length in Rice Through Combining QTL-seq and Genome-Wide Association Analysis

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