Mesocosm Study ofMytilus edulisLarvae and Postlarvae, Including the Settlement Phase, Exposed to a Gradient of Tributyltin

Stenalt, Ea; Johansen, Bernt; Lillienskjold, S.v.; Hansen, Benni Winding

doi:10.1006/eesa.1998.1687

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This could be due to N. (Neanthes) succinea larvae growing faster in the enriched mesocosms and despite the conditions being able to settle. The instantaneous mortality rate, calculated as a constant rate from July 17 to August 2, was 0.05 to 0.39 d-', which is within the range reported for bivalve, bryozoan and cirriped larvae monitored on natural cohorts (Rumrill 1990), and for bivalve larvae in mesocosms (Hansen et al 1997, Stenalt et al 1998. But since predation is considered to be the most important source of larval mortality in situ (Morgan 1995), and it was attempted to eliminate this factor in the present study by removing visible predators, a lower mortality was expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…4), mortality is not believed to be a major loss for these pelagic cohorts initially. Settling and mortality were not measured continuously during the experiment since the polychaetes did not settle on streamers hanging in the water column in the mesocosms, as recently demonstrated for bivalve larvae (see Hansen et al 1997, Stenalt et al 1998). According to the ratio of metamorphosed larvae versus pelagic larvae (see 'Results'), a clear progression was observed as the experiment continued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the enriched mesocosms the particle biovolume increased significantly in comparison to the control (t-test p < 0.05) and especially in the ca 5 pm fraction. The total mean Â SD food availability in the control mesocosms during the study period was 3.12 Â 0.62 x 1 0 pm3 m l , corresponding to 582 Â 109 pg carbon I-', and in the enriched mesocosms was 6.94 Â 2.37 x106 pm3 ml-I, corresponding to 1191 Â 505 pg carbon 1 ' (for conversion to carbon see Stenalt et al 1998). The calculated food availability based upon observed biovolume was not statistically different from results obtained by POC (particulate organic carbon) measurements (t-test p > 0.05), and the biomass development over time showed the same pattern.…”

Section: Food Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess if the polychaetes settled at the sides of the mesocosms six 3 m long settling strips composed of the same material as the bags were mounted along the periphery in the mesocosms (see Stenalt et al 1998). Every 5 d , 1 settling strip was harvested in each mesocosm, rolled gently and fixed in a 500 ml container with Carrikers solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cohort growth of planktotrophic polychaete larvae-are they food limited?

Hansen¹

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A 16 d mesocosm experiment was performed during summer 1995 with 6 m3 bags filled with natural fjord water and plankton in a Danish embayment, Knebel Vig. Two control mesocosms simulated in situ conditions and a further 2 were enriched with inorganic nutrients to stimulate the primary producers. Zooplankton food availability in terms of 2 to 20 pm particles in the control and the enriched mesocosms revealed a mean -c SD of 582 + 109 and 1191 + 505 pg C 1-l, respectively. The major increase of particulate carbon in the enriched mesocosms was due to a bloom of the cryptophyte Hemiselmis virescens. Cohorts of the polychaete larvae Polydora spp., Spio/A/licrospio spp. and Nereis (Neanthes) succinea were identified. The natural instantaneous mortality rate of the larvae revealed a mean of 0.16 and 0.37 d-'in the control and enriched mesocosms, respectively. Mean growth in terms of setiger increase, body length increase and carbon content increase showed a fast growth phase followed by a stationary phase for Polydora spp. and Spio/Microspio spp. During the fast growth phase Polydora spp. had a specific growth rate of 0.21 to 0.31 d-' in both the control and the enriched mesocosms. A statistically non-significant h~gher pragmatic mean specific growth rate was found when enriched phytoplankton was offered Spio/Microspio spp.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Food Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cohort growth of planktotrophic polychaete larvae-are they food limited?

Hansen¹

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Toxic e!ects of TBT and LAS were examined in (1) bacteria (total number and number of nucleoid containing bacteria) (Prior and Riemann, 1998), (2) phytoplankton (photosynthesis, respiration, primary production, (size-fractionated pollution-induced community tolerance (SF-PICT)) (Hansen, 1997;Petersen and Gustavson, 1998), (3) Mytilus edulis (larvae: mortality, abundance, settling; postlarvae: mortality, abundance, disappearance, recruitment, shell length, shell growth; adults: carbon content, growth, settling, swimming behavior) (Fotel et al, 1995;Hansen et al, 1997;Johansen et al, 1997;Stenalt et al, 1998), and (4) Acartia tonsa (biomass) (Krogh and Johansson, 1995). Chronic L(E)C V values were determined (x"10 or 50%) when possible, and NOECs were determined as the highest exposure concentration that did not a!ect a given test species signi"cantly compared to the control situation.…”

Section: Enclosure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparing Sensitivity of Ecotoxicological Effect Endpoints between Laboratory and Field

Selck

Riemann²,

Christoffersen

et al. 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Reed beds may facilitate transfer of tributyltin from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through insect vectors in the Archipelago Sea, SW Finland

Lilley

Meierjohann

Ruokolainen

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Due to their adsorptive behavior, organotin compounds (OTCs), such as tributyltin (TBT), are accumulated in aquatic sediments. They resist biodegradation and, despite a ban in 2008, are a potential source for future exposure. Sediment OTCs have mostly been measured from sites of known high concentrations such as ports, shipping lanes, and marine dredging waste sites. The possible flow of OTCs from marine to terrestrial ecosystems, however, has not been studied. In the present study, the authors assessed whether sediments in common reed beds (Phragmites australis) accumulate TBT and whether chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) communities developing in reed-bed sediments act as vectors in the transfer of TBT from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems in the Airisto channel, Archipelago Sea. The authors also investigated whether distance from the only known source and depth and TBT concentration of the adjacent shipping lane affect reed-bed concentrations. Thirty-six sites along the Airisto channel were sampled at 2-km intervals with triplicate samples from reed beds and the adjacent shipping lane for sediment and seven reed-bed sites for chironomids, and these were analyzed with an solid phase extraction liquid chromatography tamdem mass spectrometry method. The closer to the source the sample site was, the higher the measured TBT concentrations were; and the deeper the shipping lane, the lower the concentration of TBT in reed-bed sediments. The chironomid TBT concentrations correlated with reed-bed sediment TBT concentrations and showed evidence of accumulation. Therefore, TBT may be transferred, through the food web, from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems relatively close to a source through ecosystem boundaries, such as common reed beds, which are areas of high insect biomass production in the Archipelago Sea.

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Mesocosm Study ofMytilus edulisLarvae and Postlarvae, Including the Settlement Phase, Exposed to a Gradient of Tributyltin

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Cohort growth of planktotrophic polychaete larvae-are they food limited?

Cohort growth of planktotrophic polychaete larvae-are they food limited?

Comparing Sensitivity of Ecotoxicological Effect Endpoints between Laboratory and Field

Reed beds may facilitate transfer of tributyltin from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through insect vectors in the Archipelago Sea, SW Finland

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