MESMO 3: Flexible phytoplankton stoichiometry  and refractory dissolved organic matter

Matsumoto, Katsumi; Tanioka, Tatsuro; Zahn, Jacob

doi:10.5194/gmd-14-2265-2021

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The background and hydrothermal vent degradation occur respectively at uniform timescales of τ bg −1 = 16,000 years (Hansell, 2013) and τ vent −1 << Δ t , where Δ t is the biogeochemical model time step of 0.05 years. Therefore, τ vent represents instantaneous removal of DOM R in the volume of seawater that is assumed to circulate through the hydrothermal vents in a single model time step (Matsumoto et al., 2021). We adopted a global vent flux of 4.8 × 10 16 kg yr −1 (Lang et al., 2006), which means that 0.0035% of the world ocean circulates through the vents each year and loses DOM R .…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net primary production (NPP) has not changed in the model, but the DOM production that immediately follows NPP and the temperature dependent DOM degradation rates used in this study are unique to MESMO 3c and described in Sections 2.1 and 2.2. The remaining set of physical and biogeochemical equations governing this model have been carried over from MESMO 3 and are described by Matsumoto et al (2021). It is important to note for this study that as an EMIC, MESMO 3c is capable of running to steady state within a day (∼1 hr walltime/1,000 years of simulation).…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also depends on light, temperature, and mixed layer depth (MLD). The full set of biogeochemical equations for phytoplankton production used in this model is described by Matsumoto et al (2021).…”

Section: Organic Matter Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this study, we used a newly updated version of the Minnesota Earth System Model for Biogeochemistry (MESMO), which has a 3D dynamical ocean model, a 2D energy‐moisture balanced model of the atmosphere, and a 2D dynamic and thermodynamic model of sea ice (Matsumoto et al., 2008, 2013, 2021). Previous versions of MESMO have been used in multiple investigations of the global carbon cycle under past, present and future conditions (e.g., Matsumoto et al., 2020; Matsumoto & Yokoyama, 2013; Tanioka & Matsumoto, 2017) and have participated in model intercomparison projects (e.g., Archer et al., 2009; Joos et al., 2013; and Weaver et al., 2012).…”

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of the Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Reservoir in Glacial Climate Simulations: The Importance of Biological Production

Gilchrist

Matsumoto

2023

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Biological production in the ocean exerts an important control on atmospheric CO 2 . It has been suggested that without marine biological activity, modern atmospheric CO 2 concentrations would be higher by approximately 200-300 ppm (Broecker & Peng, 1982). This sequestration process is predominantly fueled by photoautotrophic phytoplankton production in the sunlit portion of the upper ocean, which yields organic matter in the particulate (POM) and dissolved (DOM) forms. While POM sinks through the water column, DOM is passively transported through the ocean by global circulation, accumulating in the subsurface along deep-water pathways (Hansell, 2013). At 662 Pg C, this pool of marine DOC represents the largest reservoir of reduced carbon in the ocean, containing >200 times the carbon contained in marine biomass (Hansell et al., 2009) and rivaling the atmospheric carbon inventory (594 Pg C in the preindustrial; 860 Pg C presently). For context, the amount of additional carbon in the pool of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to the organic carbon pump (i.e., respired

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Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organic Matter Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of the Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Reservoir in Glacial Climate Simulations: The Importance of Biological Production

Gilchrist

Matsumoto

2023

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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“…However, for 3-D applications, especially with global ocean biogeochemical models and earth system models, the challenge remains to reproduce the large-scale ocean conditions with computational efficiency and minimal tuning of model parameters (e.g. Masuda et al, 2021;Matsumoto et al, 2021). In this context, only limited tests have so far been conducted against oceanic observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean

Sasai

Smith²,

Siswanto³

et al. 2022

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Phytoplankton growth, and hence biomass, responds to variations in light and nutrient availability in the near-surface ocean. A wide variety of models have been developed to capture variable chlorophyll : carbon ratios due to photoacclimation, i.e. the dynamic physiological response of phytoplankton to varying light and nutrient availability. Although photoacclimation models have been developed and tested mostly against laboratory results, their application and testing against the observed flexible response of phytoplankton communities remains limited. Hence, the biogeochemical implications of photoacclimation in combination with ocean circulation have yet to be fully explored. We compare modelled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible phytoplankton functional type model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C) : nitrogen (N) : chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to that from a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C : N : Chl ratios. We couple each plankton model with a 3-D eddy-resolving ocean circulation model of the North Pacific and evaluate their respective performance versus observations (e.g. satellite imagery and vertical profiles of in situ observations) of Chl and primary production. These two models yield different horizontal and vertical distributions of Chl and primary production. The FlexPFT reproduces observed subsurface Chl maxima in the subtropical gyre, although it overestimates Chl concentrations. In the subtropical gyre (where light is sufficient), even at low nutrient concentrations, the FlexPFT yields higher chlorophyll concentrations and faster growth rates, which result in higher primary production in the subsurface, compared to the InFlexPFT. Compared to the FlexPFT, the InFlexPFT yields slower growth rates and lower Chl and primary production. In the subpolar gyre, the FlexPFT also predicts faster growth rates near the surface, where light and nutrient conditions are most favourable. Compared to the InFlexPFT, the key differences that allow the FlexPFT to better reproduce the observed patterns are its assumption of variable, rather than fixed, C : N : Chl ratios and interdependent, rather than strictly multiplicative, effects of light limitation (photoacclimation) and nutrient limitation (uptake). Our results suggest that incorporating these processes has the potential to improve chlorophyll and primary production patterns in the near-surface ocean in future biogeochemical models.

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Sensitivity of Steady State, Deep Ocean Dissolved Organic Carbon to Surface Boundary Conditions

Matsumoto

Tanioka

Gilchrist

2022

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Most of the organic matter produced in the surface ocean by photoautotrophs is grazed by zooplankton and recycled quickly within the upper ocean by heterotrophic microbes. The small fraction of organic matter that escapes recycling accumulates in the ocean in the dissolved phase. In terms of carbon, the oceanic inventory of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been previously estimated to be 662-700 PgC (Hansell et al., 2009;Hedges, 1992). Previous estimates of the global ocean DOC export production have employed ocean models and range from roughly 20% (Hansell et al., 2009) to 27% (Yamanaka & Tajika, 1997 of the global ocean carbon export production. The potential importance of marine DOC to global climate is indicated by the fact that the marine DOC inventory rivals the atmospheric carbon inventory. Also, carbon export is a key driver of atmospheric pCO 2 . Indeed, some paleoclimate events have been attributed to changes in the marine DOC cycle (Sexton et al., 2011).The marine DOC cycle has been studied for decades, and as yet, our understanding of DOC dynamics is incomplete. DOC is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds that are chemically and structurally diverse and thus poorly characterized (e.g., Hedges et al., 2000;Hertkorn et al., 2006). Radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements of deep ocean DOC samples indicate ages as old as 6,000 years (Williams & Druffel, 1987). Thus, accumulated DOC has somehow survived global ocean overturning multiple times.There are also aspects of the global distribution of DOC that remain unexplained. Measurements indicate that DOC in the open ocean exists at very low concentrations, typically in the range of 35-80 μmol kg −1 (Figure 1). The concentration is relatively high and variable near the surface and lower and more uniform at depth. It is typically 65-80 μmol kg −1 in the stratified, warm waters of the tropical and subtropical regions. In the subpolar surface waters, where vertical mixing is strong, the DOC concentration is lower and approaches the deep ocean values of 35∼40 μmol kg −1 . The deep ocean DOC concentration was once thought to be uniform (Martin & Fitzwater, 1992), but as Hansell and Carlson (1998) first reported, there is a modest concentration gradient representing a decrease along the path of the meridional overturning circulation from the North Atlantic to the North Pacific by approximately 14 μmol kg −1 . The surface distribution as well as the deep ocean gradient are not well explained in terms of sources and sinks of DOC. In particular, the DOC sinks (e.g., photodegradation, hydrothermal vents) and their rates are poorly understood (Lang et al., 2006;Mopper et al., 1991). In one case, a DOC

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MESMO 3: Flexible phytoplankton stoichiometry and refractory dissolved organic matter

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Dynamics of the Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Reservoir in Glacial Climate Simulations: The Importance of Biological Production

Dynamics of the Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Reservoir in Glacial Climate Simulations: The Importance of Biological Production

Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean

Sensitivity of Steady State, Deep Ocean Dissolved Organic Carbon to Surface Boundary Conditions

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