Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: the therapeutic effects in animal models of acute pulmonary diseases

Abstract

The pulmonary diseases are one of the most important causes of death in the world. The successful therapies in the field of lung diseases are very limited and the medical treatments available are ineffective in many of the lung diseases. Many studies have evaluated the new therapies in the acute pulmonary diseases, and the transplantation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which is a branch of cell therapy, has a special place among the new medical techniques. The MSCs are present throughout the body and are thought to play a role in tissue regeneration and inflammation control. In the event of injury, the local MSCs traverse the shortest possible distance from the tissue or blood vessels to reach the affected site. But, there are few undifferentiated cells in the tissues. The exogenous MSCs are used to immunity modify or regenerative treatments in preclinical models of acute pulmonary diseases. Several studies have shown the positive effects of MSCs replacement in the acute lung disorders. The effection mechanism of the MSCs include the differentiation ability and the secretion of paracrine agents such as the anti-inflammatory mediators. Many studies suggest that this treatment method is safe and is probably to be widely used in future clinical trials. This review will describe the therapeutic effects of the MSCs in the experimental models of the acute pulmonary diseases for use as a method of treatment in clinical trials in future.

Mechanisms of interactions between lung‐origin telocytes and mesenchymal stem cells to treat experimental acute lung injury

“…Therapeutic effects and distributions of transplanted cells depend upon delivery locations and processes. 21 To measure the optimal deliver of co-transplanted MSCs and TCs in ALI, 22 we analyzed dynamic distributions in lung tissue and retentions of transplanted cells at 24, 48, or 72 h after intratracheal, intravenous, or intraperitoneal deliveries of MSCs, TCs, or both, 4 or 24 h after the intratracheal instillation of LPS or vehicle (Figure 2A). About 60-70% or 30% of animals died within 24 h after intravenous or intratracheal injection of MSCs, TCs, or both (n = 10/group).…”

Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review

“…Although the mechanisms by which ASCs reduce lung inflammation and promote tissue repair are not fully elucidated [3] , the use of mesenchymal stem cells in acute lung diseases had previously been reviewed by current literature showing promising results [13] . Since the initial analysis of the new disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated main pathologic features similar to ALI/ARDS [14] , the hypothesis of transposing these benefits in the context of a new pandemic without known therapeutic options were naturally investigated [ 1 , 3 , 14 ]. However, upon closer analysis, peculiarities were found in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 that benefited from autologous or allogeneic IV ASCs in a different way than those initially imagined [3] .…”

Alveolar Type II Cells or Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Comparison of Two Different Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury in Rats

“…Many studies have been published concerning the therapeutic functions of MSCs for pulmonary diseases. Numerous pre-clinical ALI models were treated with MSCs using different doses and administration routes and reported positive outcomes; all of these studies stated different mechanisms of action of these cells [7][8][9][10]13,43,44,[58][59][60][61]., ALI in experimental models has many characteristics that can benefit from both cell therapies, and treatment with these cell therapies have shown positive results so far.…”