Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Extra Ocular Muscle Harbor Neuroectodermal Differentiation Potential

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been proposed as suitable candidates for cell therapy for neurological disorderssince they exhibit good neuronal differentiation capacity. However, for better therapeutic outcomes, it is necessary to isolate MSC from a suitable tissue sourcethat posses high neuronal differentiation. In this context, we isolated MSC from extra ocular muscle (EOM) tissue and tested the in vitro neuronal differentiation potential. In the current study, EOM tissue derived MSC were characterized and compared with bone marrow derived MSC. We found that EOM derived MSC proliferated as a monolayer and showed similarities in morphology, growth properties and cell surface marker expression with bone marrow derived MSC and expressed high levels of NES, OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 in its undifferentiated state. They also expressed embryonic cell surface marker SSEA4 and their intracellular mitochondrial distribution pattern was similar to that of multipotent stem cells. Although EOM derived MSC differentiated readily into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, they differentiated more efficiently into neuroectodermal cells. The differentiation into neuroectodermal cellswas confirmed by the expression of neuronal markers NGFR and MAP2B. Thus, EOM derived MSC might be good candidates for stem cell based therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Isolation and Characterization of Extraocular Muscle-Derived Muscle Progenitor Cells from Normal and Graves' Orbitopathy Patients

“…EOM tissue can be removed during corrective strabismus surgery to adjust functioning [19] and can be used for MSC isolation. Because EOM tissue is extremely innervated compared with other skeletal muscles [3], EOM-derived MSCs have been recently reported to differentiate into neuronal lineages.…”

“…They optimized the protocol to efficiently sort primary fibroblasts and myoblasts by serial preplating, followed by the cultivation of both cell types. Mawrie et al [3] collected EOM tissue in vials containing DMEM with antibiotics. The…”

“…When embryonic or adult stem cells for tissue-specific repair are converted, they can differentiate, in vivo, into unnecessary cell lineages. Furthermore, adult multipotent cells induced to differentiate into a single cell type can differentiate into other cell types [3].…”

“…The stem cell components of EOM are classified by their ability to exclude Hoechst 33342 dye [5]. Human EOM-derived MSCs can be easily expanded in vitro and can undergo multilineage differentiation, indicating that they are a novel source of mesenchymal cells for regenerative therapy [3].…”

High Therapeutic and Esthetic Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Produced from the Stem Cells and Their Spheroids Cultured from Ocular Surgery-Derived Waste Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Tissues

“…OOMs, which are rich in vascular distribution, may have regenerative capacity and play vital roles in tissue grafting and facial burn injury repair [ 4 ]. Recent reports have shown the efficacy of the ocular muscle tissue as a rich source of stem cells with high proliferation, differentiation, and therapeutic capacities [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In this regard, OOM-derived stem cells (OOM-SCs) have garnered much attention and application recently for disease therapy and tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal, proliferation, and trilineage differentiation capacities [ 10 ].…”