Mesenchymal stem cells for chronic wounds therapy

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process that involves interaction of soluble mediators, extracellular matrix and infiltrating blood cells. Chronic and non-healing skin defects contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of many patients. Recently, despite the current medical progress, the chronic and non-healing wounds still represent a serious medical problem. In many cases, conventional therapeutic approaches, such as dermal substitutes and growth factor therapy failed and do not produce the expected results, patients are exposed to a high risk of infection, sepsis or amputation. For that reason clinicians and researchers are forced to searching for alternative methods to induce healing process which may result into complete wound closure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a unique tool of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and a promising therapeutic strategy. Due to their unique biological properties, MSCs seem to be the perspective modality method for these patients. Many preclinical and clinical studies suggest the possibility of using these cells in tissue regeneration, healing acute and chronic wounds and scar remodelling. The objective of the present review is to summarize the current information and preclinical data about MSCs, their biological characteristics and mode of action during regenerative and healing processes, as well as their clinical application in chronic wounds treatment.

Bovine CD49 positive-cell subpopulation remarkably increases in mammary epithelial cells that retain a stem-like phenotype

“…Thus, the possible recovery and expansion of mammary progenitors in long-term culture open new opportunities to expand the stem cell subpopulation. Altering bovine mammary gland production capabilities via cellular manipulation is highly desirable and successful attempts may be applicable for tissue-regeneration studies as it has been recently proposed for humans (Budniatzky and Gepstein, 2014;Zahorec et al, 2015) and, finally, for a subsequent use in regenerative medicine (Nigam, 2013) in mammary gland pathology, particularly in the bovine species where the process of purification of these cells is only partial and a high number of cells is necessary for subsequent clinical applications.…”

Xanthosine administration does not affect the proportion of epithelial stem cells in bovine mammary tissue, but has a latent negative effect on cell proliferation

“…It was only partly recapitulated in human studies, and to a lesser extent in the mammary gland of farm animals [17,18]. Nevertheless, altering bovine mammary gland production capabilities via cellular manipulation is highly desirable [19], and successful attempts may be applicable for tissue-regeneration studies in humans [20,21].…”

Stem Cell and Stem Cell-Derived Molecular Therapies to Enhance Dermal Wound Healing

“…MSCs are known to contribute to normal wound repair through paracrine action and differentiation into multiple skin cell types [ 43 ]. In addition, they have been shown to have immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects that may regulate infl ammation within the wound [ 5 ]. The combination of these attributes has made MSCs an important cell source for regenerative therapies.…”