Mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic tool to treat sepsis

Lombardo, Eleuterio

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.368

Cited by 85 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…About 50% of patients die from the problem, and there is a critical need for new approaches to treat it [71]. Since it seems that MSCs are able to sense environmental cues it seemed logical to test whether they might be able to re-regulate the immune system in a way that would permit pathogens to be killed but host organs to be spared from attack [72]. Several groups of investigators have studied sepsis now using a number of different models.…”

Section: Mscs In Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells and infectious diseases: Smarter than drugs

Mezey

Nemeth

2015

Immunology Letters

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Section: Mscs In Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells and infectious diseases: Smarter than drugs

Mezey

Nemeth

2015

Immunology Letters

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“…There has been a wide range of reports on the application of adult stem cell therapy to various diseases (24)(25)(26)(27), and many studies have been conducted on tendinopathy stem cell therapy in various species (e.g. horse, rabbit, rat) (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

Kang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Background Tendons are tough bands of dense and fibrous regular connective tissue that usually connect muscle to bone and are capable of withstanding tension (1). Tendons comprise of collagen bundles similar to those seen in ligaments (1).Tendinopathy is the most frequent tendon disorder (2-4) and is usually described as an over-use of tendons (5). Tendinopathy can develop in any tendon, but is most frequently found in the following tendons: Achilles, patellar, shoulder rotator cuff, and forearm extensor tendons (6). Tendonitis, a type of tendinopathy, is an inflammatory process in the tendon (5). Tendonitis often occurs in daily life and through sports, but tendon repair requires a long period of time because tendons have a low blood supply compared with other organs (7).Many challenging therapies, such as the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, eccentric exercises, topical glyceryl trinitrate, and shock-wave therapy, are performed to treat tendinopathy (8-11). Cell therapy is a new type of therapy for tendinopathy that occurs after tendon injury (12, 13). Recently, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, especially that using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), has emerged as a new therapeutic option for tendinopathy (14-16).Vitamin C is known to be a potent antioxidant (17) and can increase the viability of transplanted cells by reducing oxidative and inflammatory stress. Previous studies have revealed that vitamin C promoted tendon healing by stimulating extracellular matrix remodeling as a precursor of collagen synthesis (18,19). In addition, vitamin C increased the therapeutic effects of combination stem cell therapy in a muscle laceration model (20). However, there has been no study as far as we are aware on the therapeutic effects of combination stem cell therapy and vitamin C administration on tendinopathy.We hypothesized that combined therapy using ASCs and vitamin C might improve tendon regeneration in tendinopathy. To determine the combined effects of ASCs transplantation with vitamin C, we used senescence marker protein 30 (Smp30)-knockout mice that cannot biosynthesize vitamin C by themselves (21). 343

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“…Therefore, they may well perform specific tasks such as immunomodulators in the maintenance of peripheral or transplantation tolerance, in autoimmune response, and tolerance between mother and fetus 8,33,34. The MSCs are able to influence many functions of activated T cells,35 B cells,36 and NK cells37 and can also affect the functions of dendritic cells (DCs),38,39 monocyte/macrophages,40,41 and neutrophils and mast cells42,43 (Figure 2). MSCs can mediate their immunomodulatory activity in a numerous models, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD),34,44 diabetes mellitus type 1,45,46 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE),47 model of contusive spinal cord injury and its subsequent inflammation-related damage,48,49 and many others 33.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation, homing, and role of the mesenchymal stem cells in the inflammatory environment

Zachar¹,

Bačenková²,

Rosocha³

2016

JIR

163

114

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Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising source of cells in regenerative medicine. They have large potential to differentiate into various tissue-specific populations and may be isolated from diverse tissues in desired quantities. As cells of potential autologous origin, they allow recipients to avoid the alloantigen responses. They also have the ability to create immunomodulatory microenvironment, and thus help to minimize organ damage caused by the inflammation and cells activated by the immune system. Our knowledge about the reparative, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs is advancing. At present, there is a very comprehensible idea on how MSCs affect the immune system, particularly in relation to the tissue and organ damage on immunological basis. Hitherto a number of effective mechanisms have been described by which MSCs influence the immune responses. These mechanisms include a secretion of soluble bioactive agents, an induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of tolerogenic dendritic cells, as well as induction of anergy and apoptosis. MSCs are thus able to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Soluble factors that are released into local microenvironment with their subsequent paracrine effects are keys to the activation. As a result, activated MSCs contribute to the restoration of damaged tissues or organs through various mechanisms facilitating reparative and regenerative processes as well as through immunomodulation itself and differentiation into the cells of the target tissue.

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Mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic tool to treat sepsis

Cited by 85 publications

References 75 publications

Mesenchymal stem cells and infectious diseases: Smarter than drugs

Mesenchymal stem cells and infectious diseases: Smarter than drugs

Vitamin C Improves Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Mouse Tendonitis Model

Activation, homing, and role of the mesenchymal stem cells in the inflammatory environment

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