Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by the combination of relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, cannot be reversed with existing therapeutic strategies. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) was once thought to be the most promising strategy for treating diabetes, but the pace from the laboratory to clinical application has been obstructed due to its drawbacks. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harbor differentiation potential, immunosuppressive properties, and anti-inflammatory effects, and they are considered an ideal candidate cell type for treatment of DM. MSC-related research has demonstrated exciting therapeutic effects in glycemic control both in vivo and in vitro, and these results now have been translated into clinical practice. However, some critical potential problems have emerged from current clinical trials. Multi-center, large-scale, double-blind, and placebo-controlled studies with strict supervision are required before MSC transplantation can become a routine therapeutic approach for T2DM. We briefly review the molecular mechanism of MSC treatment for T2DM as well as the merits and drawbacks identified in current clinical trials.

5‐Azacytydine and resveratrol reverse senescence and ageing of adipose stem cells via modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy

“…Due to their unique properties, ASCs hold promise in treating multiple disorders, including graft versus host disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus and autoimmune‐induced diseases . Moreover, their application in bone and cartilage regeneration as well as wound healing was widely investigated .…”

<p>Cdc42 Promotes ADSC-Derived IPC Induction, Proliferation, And Insulin Secretion Via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling</p>

“…Considering stem cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), a previous study suggests that stem cell-derived IPC transplantation is the most promising treatment other than islet transplantation. 10 However, previous researchers failed to approach an appropriate source of IPCs without moral conflict, immunogenicity, and tumorigenicity. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different tissues have attracted great attention.…”

Mesenchymal stem cells modified by FGF21 and GLP1 ameliorate lipid metabolism while reducing blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice

“…The molecular mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of diabetes is still unclear. The possible mechanisms may include: promoting islet cell regeneration, reducing peripheral tissue resistance to insulin, improving insulin sensitivity, regulating the immune system, protecting β cells of the islet, and improving the diabetes complications [26,45]. MSCs normally secretes a series of bioactive cytokines and growth factors, such as HGF, VEGF and IGF1 to improve the local microenvironment, regulate the immune response and promote the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue.…”