Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing worldwide, and the resulting cardiac complications are the leading cause of death. Among these complications is diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is the consequence of a pro-inflammatory condition, oxidative stress and fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia. Cardiac remodeling will lead to an imbalance in cell survival and death, which can promote cardiac dysfunction. Since the conventional treatment of DM generally does not address the prevention of cardiac remodeling, it is important to develop new alternatives for the treatment of cardiovascular complications induced by DM. Thus, therapy with mesenchymal stem cells has been shown to be a promising approach for the prevention of DCM because of their anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects, which could improve cardiac function in patients with DM.

Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases

“…There are papers that discuss the importance of MSC therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with the following references being highly recommended. [301][302][303][304][305][306] To date, 36 trials have evaluated the therapeutic potential of MSCs in different pathological conditions, with the most prevalent types being BM-MSCs (25 trials), followed by UC-MSCs (7 trials) and AT-MSCs (4 trials). 303 However, the reported results are contradictory and create controversy about the efficacy of the treatments.…”

Progress in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a systematic review

“…18,19,[33][34][35][36]129 Existing therapies mainly rely on drug management and symptom relief to control disease progression, but they cannot facilitate the recovery of damaged myocardium. 33,113,131 In contrast, stem cell therapy holds potential for regeneration and repair, aiding in the self-repair of myocardial cells and improving cardiac function. [33][34][35][36]131 It should be noted that the field of DCM treatment is still evolving, and emerging intervention measures are still in the research stage, requiring clinical trials to validate their safety and effectiveness.…”

“…33,113,131 In contrast, stem cell therapy holds potential for regeneration and repair, aiding in the self-repair of myocardial cells and improving cardiac function. [33][34][35][36]131 It should be noted that the field of DCM treatment is still evolving, and emerging intervention measures are still in the research stage, requiring clinical trials to validate their safety and effectiveness. [16][17][18]132 For patients with DCM, current existing therapies remain essential for management (Figure 4).…”

Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Paracrine Mediators in Macrophage Polarization: An Approach to Reduce Inflammation in Osteoarthritis

“…Thus, it is necessary to comprehend how the host immune system reacts to allogenic MSCs and how this may influence the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in various inflammation models. MSC-based therapies have been developed in the context of inflammation observed in numerous disease models, such as graft versus host disease (GVHD) [ 84 ], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ 85 ], diabetic cardiomyopathy [ 86 ], and many others. In this review, we will discuss some of the fundamentals that link inflammation to different disease models, as well as some of the biological properties of MSCs that can help them be used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases like OA.…”